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Пилокарпина Гидрохлорид






Перечень экзаменационных препаратов для решения фармакотерапевтической задачи

Анестезин

Group: Local anesthetics.

Mechanism of action: Decreases permeability of cell membrane for Na+ displaces Ca+ from receptors, located on the internal surface of membrane, blocks conduction of nerve impulses. It prevents the appearance of pain impulses in the endings of sensitive nerves & its conduction along nerve fibers.

Pharmacological effect: Slow absorption, it is spited by esterase in the blood plasma and liver. It does not form resorbtive action.

Indication to use: Inside: gastrology, oesophagitis, peptic & duodenal ulcers. Outside: toothache, sore gums, otitis media, pain in the ear canal, myositis, urticaria; skin disease, accompanied with itching; superficial vein disease, perianal fissures. Gastroscopy, rectoscopy, otoscopy, ureteroscopy, gynecological procedures.

Side effects: Allergic reaction, contact dermatitis, cyanosis, dispnoe, dizziness.

Новокаин

Group: Local anesthetics

Mechanism of action: Local anesthetic action, relatively fast hydrolyzed & form paraaminobenzoic acid & diethylaminoethanol.

Pharmacological effect: During absorption & direct administration into blood flow, it has influence on organism: decreases formation of acetylcholine & decreases excitability of peripheral cholinoreactive systems, blocks the vegetative ganglions, decreases excitability of cardiac muscle & motor zones of cortex.

Indication to use: Infiltration & cerebrospinal anesthesia, therapeutic blockade, inner bone anesthesia, anesthesia of mucosa, treatment of different disease, internal & intravenously injection during hypertony, spasms of blood vessels, gastric and duodenal ulcers, glaucoma, etc.

Side effects: Headache, dizziness, weakness, decreased arterial pressure, collapse, shock, allergic skin reactions (dermatitis, peeling, etc.)

Пилокарпина Гидрохлорид

Group: M-cholinomimetics, ophtolmology preparation.

Mechanism of action: Excitation of peripheral M-cholinergic receptors, causing a number of specific effects, including narrowing of the pupil with the simultaneous decrease in intraocular pressure & improving trophic process in the tissue of the eye, improving secretion of digestive & bronchial glands, sweating, increasing of smooth muscle of bronchi, intestine, bladder, urine bladder, uterus.

Pharmacological effect: During ingestion it fast-absorbed; during dropping to eye sack it is hard-absorbed.

Indication to use: For decreasing of intraocular pressure during glaucoma, for improving trophic of eye during thrombosis of center vein of retina, during atrophy of visual nerve, during bleeding into vitreous body (стекловидное тельце).

Side effects: Headache (in the temporal or periorbital areas), eye pain, myopia, spasm of accommodation, blurred vision, night blindness, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, superficial keratitis. In case of prolonged usage- follicular conjunctivitis, contact dermatitis eyelids.


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