Concepts and principles

Read the following words and word combinations and use them for understanding and translation of the text:

binary format - двоичный формат

sequence raster images of ones and zeros – последователь-ность растровых изображений из единиц и нулей

arranged in - расположены в

grid - сетка, решетка

represented using dots or squares - представлены с исполь-зованием точек или квадратов

variable - переменная

deliberate - намеренный, обдуманный

distinctive style – отличительный (характерный) стиль

to vary - меняться

predictable - предсказуемый

ray tracing - трассировка лучей

shading - затемнение

to depict - отражать

accurate and smooth surface patches - точные и гладкие участки поверхности

polygonal mesh modeling - моделирование многоугольной сетки

Images are typically produced by optical devices; such as cameras, mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, etc. and natural objects and phenomena, such as the human eye or water surfaces.

A digital image is a representation of a two-dimensional image in binary format as a sequence of ones and zeros. Digital images include both vector images and raster images, but raster images are more commonly used.

Pixel

In the enlarged portion of the image individual pixels are rendered as squares and can be easily seen.

In digital imaging, a pixel (or picture element) is a single point in a raster image. Pixels are normally arranged in a regular 2-dimensional grid, and are often represented using dots or squares. Each pixel is a sample of an original image, where more samples typically provide a more accurate representation of the original. The intensity of each pixel is variable; in color systems, each pixel has typically three components such as red, green, and blue.

Graphics

Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain. Examples are photographs, drawings, line art, graphs, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text, illustration, and color. Graphic design may consist of the deliberate selection, creation, or arrangement of typography alone, as in a brochure, flier, poster, web site, or book without any other element. Clarity or effective communication may be the objective, association with other cultural elements may be sought, or merely, the creation of a distinctive style.