Иногда нужно использовать нулевой аккузатив вместо генетивного!

1. Syö omena. - Eat an apple. (The verb is in imperative.)

Съешь яблоко. (Императив)

2. Otetaan tuo omena. - Let's take that apple. (The verb is in passive.)

Возьмём это яблоко. (Глагол в пассиве).

3. Onko minun pakko syö dä tä mä omena? - Do I have to eat this apple? (A sentence expressing necessity.)

Мне нужно съесть это яблоко? (Выражение необходимости).

4. Olipa kivaa saada omena tuolta mieheltä! - Wasn't it nice to get an apple from that man! (The sentence has a Hauskaa -structure. Same thing with any adjective.)

Разве не мило было получить яблоко от того мужчины? (Предложение с On hauskaa -structure).

5. Aina on aikaa syö dä omena! - There's always time to eat an apple! (The sentence has a Minulla on aikaa -structure.)

Всегда есть время, чтобы съесть яблоко! (Предложение с Minulla on aikaa -structure.)

However, if there is any reason to use partitive, use partitive.Usually the reason is some or that the verb just happens to be a partitive verb.

· Ota omenaa! - Take some apple! (Apple is pureed, so an indefinite amount, and therefore partitive even if the verb is in imperative.)

Возьми яблочка! (Яблоко пюрированно, неопр. Кол-во, хотя и глагол в императиве) - родительный

· Maistetaan tä tä omenaa! - Let's taste this apple. (Sure, the verb is in passive, but maistaa is a partitive verb.)

Попробуем этого яблока! (Глагол в пассиве, но maistaa – партитивный глагол) - родительный

Notice the difference between these plural sentences:

· Ota omenat mukaan. - Take the apples with you. (We talked about the apples earlier. We both know which apples we're talking about.)

Возьми яблоки с собой. (Именно эти, конкретные) - винительный

· Ota omenoita mukaan. - Take some apples with you.

Возьми яблок с собой. (Каких-то, сколько-то). - родительный

· Syö dä ä n omenat ulkona. - Let's eat the apples outside.

Поедим яблоки на улице (Эти, конкр.) - винительный

· Syö dä ä n omenoita! - Let's eat some apples!

Поедим яблок! (Неизвестно, сколько). - родительный

What about the accusative, then? According to the new approach to the object in Finnish, there are only seven words that have the accusative case: the personal pronouns and the question word kuka, who, whose accusative is kenet. Accusative is one of the three cases of a total object. (The others were genitive and singular/plural nominative.)

Here are the accusative and partitive forms of the personal pronouns. The shorter ones are the pronouns in spoken language.

· me minut, minua (mut, mua)

· you sinut, sinua (sut, sua)

· him/her hä net, hä ntä (se, sitä)

· us meidä t, meitä

· you teidä t, teitä

· them heidä t, heitä (ne, niitä)

The last example sentences of this post! If these were negative, the pronouns would be in partitive.

· Vie minut kotiin. - Take me home.

· Minä nä en sinut. - I see you.

· Olen tuntenut hä net jo kolme vuotta. - I've known him for three years already.

· Herä ttä kä ä meidä t kuudelta. - Wake us up at six.

· Minä voin heittä ä teidä t. - I can give you a ride. (heittä ä = to throw)

Я могу тебя подбросить.

· Tapasin heidä t viime viikolla. - I met them last week.

I'm a bit exhausted.. and I don't want to eat any apples for a while! I hope this made the object at least a little bit clearer to you. Feel free to leave me a comment or a challenging object question!

Plural partitive or t-plural?

When to use the plural partitive and when the plural nominative, the one that ends with t? It kind of depends on the sentence type, but it also matters if you're talking about some things, certain things, or things that are always in pairs.

To refresh your memory, the t-plural looks like this:

· tytö t, pojat, kissat, koirat, lapset, miehet, naiset, perheet, asiakkaat, rakennukset, lä ä kä rit, maat. (girls, boys, cats, dogs, children, men, women, families, customers, buildings, doctors, countries)

Here are the same words in plural partitive:

· tyttö jä, poikia, kissoja, koiria, lapsia, miehiä, naisia, perheitä, asiakkaita, rakennuksia, lä ä kä reitä, maita

To make the plural form, add the plural i and the partitive a, ä, ta or tä to the basic form or to the stem, depending on the word type. The i might cause previous vowels to change or disappear, and it becomes j between two vowels. For more specific rules, check out this link from Uusi kielemme website.

Here's when to use the plural partitive:

1. Describing people and things:

· Nä mä keksit ovat tosi hyviä. - These cookies are really good.

· Pä hkinä t ovat terveellisiä. - Nuts are healthy.

· Suomalaiset ovat kohteliaita. - Finns are polite. (If you disagree, say epä kohteliaita.)

· Pojat ovat poikia. - Boys are boys.

The first plural, the subject of the sentence, is in the t-form. The plural in the end of the sentence is in the partitive form.

If the word is something that always comes in pairs or just happens to be used in the plural form, then both plurals are in the t-form.

· Nä mä kumisaappaat ovat tosi lä mpimä t. - These rubber boots are really warm.

· Victorian ja Danielin hä ä t olivat ihanat! - Victoria's and Daniel's wedding was lovely!

In spoken language, we usually say on instead of ovat: Nä ä keksit on tosi hyviä. Victorian ja Danielin hä ä t oli ihanat!

2. Having, wanting, eating etc something.

· Minulla on porkkanoita. - I have carrots.

· Ostitko tulitikkuja? - Did you buy matches?

Again, if you're talking about a certain group or something that is always in plural, use the t-plural:

· Onko sinulla uudet silmä lasit? - Do you have new glasses?

· Otitko ne kirjat mukaan? - Did you take the books with you?

3. Describing what is where:

· Suomessa on paljon metsiä ja jä rviä. - There are a lot of lakes and forests in Finland.

· Aalto-yliopistossa on paljon ulkomaalaisia opiskelijoita. - There are many foreign students in the Aalto university.

The only case when to use plural partitive in the beginning of the sentence is in sentence like this:

· Meitä oli viisi. - There were five of us.

p.s. If this was useful, you might also like my post 100 words in plural partitive. Also, you can check out this Memrise course about plural partitive.