Самостійна робота № 5

Тема для самостійного опрацювання: Освіта в Україні та за кордоном.

Література: двомовний англо-український, українсько-англійський словник

Хід роботи:

Activity 1. Read the following texts and do the activities that follow them:

Children in Britain must attend school from the age of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) until they are 16. Before the start of formal schooling, many children attend nursery schools attached to primary schools. In addition some parents elect to send their children to private(fee-paying) nursery schools or kindergartens. In England and Wales, many primary schools also operate an early admission policy where they admit children under 5 into what are called reception classes.

Children first attend infants' schools or departments. At 7 they move to the junior school and the usual age for transfer from junior to secondary school is 11 (12 in Scotland). In some areas, however, «first» schools take pupils aged 5 to 8, 9 or 10, and pupils within the 8 to 14 age range go to middle schools.

The British educational system was changed in the 1960s. Previously, pupils in the state system either went to a grammar school or a secondary modern school at the age of eleven. To enter a grammar school, pupils had to pass a national exam (the Eleven Plus). Those who failed went to a secondary modern school. This two-school system and the Eleven Plus were abolished and replaced by comprehensive schools. These are intended for all pupils, whatever their abilities. They are state schools which is the general term for any school which is run by the government and where the parents do not have to pay. Over 85% of secondary school pupils go to comprehensive schools. However, 145 gram­mar schools in England didn't close down. They are very popular because they offer a good academic education for the 11 to 18 -year age group. Children enter grammar schools on the basis of their abilities, first sitting the «11» plus or entrance examination. In grammar schools there is usually a main school and a sixth form(the last one) which is run separately. Grammar schools cater for 4% of children in second­ary education.

A small minority of children attend secondary modern schools (around 4%). These schools provide a more general and technical education for children aged 11-16.

City Technology Colleges (CTCs) aim to give boys and girls a broad secondary education with a strong technological and business slant. They are non-fee-paying independent schools, set up by the Government with the help of business sponsors who finance a large proportion of the initial capital costs and develop links with the schools. There are now 15 such colleges in operation in England and Wales.

Specialist schools, which only operate in England, give pupils a broad secondary education with a strong emphasis on technology, languages, art and sports. There are over 250 specialist schools. They charge no fees and any secondary school can apply for specialist school status.

The independent school sector is separate from the state educational system, and caters for 7% of all schoolchildren in England and 4% in Scotland. About 250 of the larger independent schools are known for historical reasons as public schools. They are very expensive private schools and in some cases fees can amount to several thousand pounds a year. Some students gain scholarships and their expenses are covered by the schools. These schools usually have good academic standards and are attended by pupils from an upper class or wealthy background. Famous ones include Eton and Harrow. Eton, which was founded in 1440, is said to have been the first «public school» because students could come to it from any part of England and not, as was generally the case, just from the immediate neighbourhood. Most public schools are boarding schools where the pupils live as well as study.

In Northern Ireland there are a few fee-paying schools, and in Scotland «public schools» are supported by public funds and are not fee-paying and independent.