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ctop ee bohkhobeh
Coaco aoy P 0 oapx upax u upeo opoe pe aaec opaa c paa pecoo a, pooa ace ye op apaee opeeeo ece, opeoe pe o ycaoe paa.
epe oape p o opox epax Epo XVI .: 1531 , Aepe (Hepa), 1549 . o, Tyya (pa), 15 56 . -oo (). B Pocc epa pa a ocoaa epo 1 Ca-eepype 1703-1705 . B CA epa oapa pa oa ao 1848 .
Topo acco oapa oo ocyecec ceao oeeo oo poecca ece, apep a aape (pe), pape, aae. Oo ax ec copec oyo aae pa. O-ca ocoe o p e eco opo, cpe poao oyaee oapo. o o, o oee py c py opa opaa opo.
B oe o oo opo, a pe opoa e ca oapa, a aa ooop a y-poay oapo o x opaa cea . Kpoe oo, peo opoe pa yace oo opo-ocpe, ope poaa oya pye ap oapo, a e x ee pooe poe paae oyae.
ac peoo pa aepecoa o, o a p-e oepac opo, opo eac o paa e pa yace e cyae a y .., ooy eoxooc o. e opaoaoc ypaeoc a pe opeoaa coa p a ocoo opaa, pao peypoa a cay pey po, a coca ee .
oae p a opeeeoo eca opo opaae ee yoay cyoc, o oaa, e opy. Ho ae e oe eco, e oo opoa, pae aac pe. pa -o oo po, pec oope e opaa o.
Toapa pa oa a pa peaoo oapa, .e. a e poaac oyac ca ap, oao pooaeec ocyaeoe pae oo eao eoo opaa ceo oa-poe epe p -a poca acao opo, peyae eo opo pea apo XX ooaeo epeecac o epeo oopo. Ho ape p e ce. x pae oo y y. oe oape p Epo pepac ep ye oyp oapx po, ocypoa .. pye p oco epce ape p, .e. opaoa y-poay pa oapo a ocoe ae epcx opao. Oao exa epco peo opo oaac yepca eo cpo oco ooe, ae p. B o cce ce paoe p oopy copoy epco . Ho e ca e poecc cpa ox pa ey pa, c oo copo, a c pyo ao ee yepcaa eeoc cex p.
Toapa pa ac pooaao copeex p, acoc o oo, o a e poaaoc: ap, ee ya aa, o ee aee oooac ooe ae p.
Pae exao po epc opaa eee ocex a ce a, oop pee opoa oape, epce ae p, peo cpa pa ey yaa a p oe o epcx p, a oopx opy oo epc opaa, o yepcax p, a oopx opy a epc opaa, a pao pe aa, apep a, ao ae oe oapa.
o acaec aeeo oooo apae copecoo y pa p, o o c ceye. Texec popecc ee oy, o opee o p cay epoe p, .e. p, a opx ce poecc peo opo yy ooc o-eppoa. Ha o apae, o, cey pa ey pe epe pa, oope coc e epo po opo po aa cex o, ypaee opaa-e oopoo yy aac oa ooo a, e c, o eo epee capoe aae pa, oopoe oo XVI ., a cyoc o p ye paoac coce ae, e acoee pe.
Ooa caaoe, o p oo peca e ceye cxe (pc. 2.2).
cop oaae, o oe p e ocaec ee, a c eee pee eec o ce apaepa: e a pocxo opo, pye, e opye. Ec a pc, 2.1 yop eaec a ec opo a oo xapaep pa, o epee epox op po ee y, o oe eca opo ypaae co cc, o opoa oo, axoc a coe paoe ece, a e ceao oeeo x ee opoo ae. O xapaep pa a oaea epa oe oeec, a a oec oooc epe epoe ce opoa oeca aa e ee aoo ae paep ap oapa. coec poea pex ocpeo, .e. pex opoe, oope ca eo p: poao oyaee ey coo. B acoee pe ocpeeca eeoc ee ocaec eeo ocoo pox poecco, oao e pyo pee, o aaece cce oca oxoeo poaa oyae cyeceo opa o oo peo opo.
Eceo, o oa e oaec co oeoy poopoa a opae, a o po p a opaaopa opo, a opaa-, ypae . B o cce o cyoc p acao ypoeo oe opaea ceyx ee opeeex:
XVI . pa a eco ooo po oppye apa;
XVII-XIX .- pa a opaa pyx opoe, pooa ae ye op oapa, e yaa, ao;
2- ooa XIX . l- ooa XX . pa a opaa, pooa acy, yy opo e yaa epc opaa a oap;
70-80-e . XX . pa a opaa, pooa ace, ye epoe op e yaa epc opaa;
epo poo a aao XXI . pa a opaa, ocyeca epoe op e yaa epc opaa;
epo poo a cepey XXI . pa a opaa, ypaa opoe o oep ce.
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