Yesterday I was introduced to a retired colonel.

Retired is an attribute in preposition expressed by Participle II. (it denotes passing into a new state/it is active in meaning but passive in form)

The man injured in the accident was immediately taken to hospital.

Injured is an attribute in postposition expressed by Participle II. (it denotes a state which is the result of an action)

The courses taken by the 2nd year students here are usually rather difficult.

Taken is an attribute in postposition expressed by Participle II.(it denotes a passive action)

When asked about it, I didn’t know what to say.

Asked is an adverbial modifier of time expressed by Participle II. (it denotes a passive action)

He heard his name pronounced.

His name pronounced is a complex object expressed by the Objective Participial Construction in which Participle II is in predicative relation to the noun in the common case.

I’ve had (I’ve got) my car serviced recently.

My car serviced is a complex object expressed by the Objective Participial Construction in which Participle II is in predicative relation to the noun in the common case. (we use it to show that the subject is not the doer of the action)

HOW TO SPEAK ON THE GERUND

Travelling is always exciting.

Travelling is a subject expressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active used to denote an action simultaneous with that of the finite verb.

It’s no good doing things by halves.

Doing is a subject with the introductory it expressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active used to denote an action simultaneous with that of the finite verb.

There is no convincing that man.

Convincing is a subject with the introductory there expressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active used to denote an action simultaneous with that of the finite verb.

My hobby is diving.

Is diving is a compound nominal predicate which consists of the link verb to be in its Present Simple tense form and the predicative expressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active.

She burst out laughing.

Burst out laughing is a compound verbal aspect (phasal) predicate which consists of the verb burst out used to denote the beginning of the action and the Indefinite Gerund Active.

I couldn’t help smiling.

Couldn’t help smiling is a compound verbal modal predicate which consists of the modal expression couldn’t help and the Indefinite Gerund Active.

I remember seeing that man before.

Seeing is an object expressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active used to denote an action prior to that of the finite verb.