Grammar

Choose the correct verb or noun form of the given words to complete each of the following statements.

a) Several different _____ were presented in favour of the plaintiff.

b) The exact ______ of “torture” in the European Convention was defined in the _____ of Ireland v.UK 1978

c) To _____ damages, the court will consider the exact nature and extent of the injury _____.

d) Some people believe that only the death penalty will really______ terrorists.

e) He was ______ of murder and sentenced to life _______.

f) International Law ______ that basic Human Rights shall be protected.

g) The exact effect of the statute depends on the way it is ______ by the judiciary.

h) States must not ______ from their international obligations.

21. There is a number of connectives in the text on p.41 “The Court Judgement on the Tyrer’s Case”which indicate the relationship between the parts of the text, sometimes they show the writer's opinion or attitude to what is said.

Study the sections of the text that contain connectives however, indeed, above all and choose the function of each one from the list:

A) to introduce a contact;

B) to emphasize the most important point;

C) to intensify a comment or argument, showing strong conviction.

22. Choose the appropriate connective from the list to complete the following text; use each connective once only:

A) indeed, b) although, c) furthermore, d) accordingly, e) however.

____(1)____ the punishment was inflicted in private and without publicity it would still be “degrading” if the victim felt personally humiliated. The execution of the punishment was strictly controlled by law, ____(2)____ the Court must still decide if it was degrading in the circumstances. In fact, the violence was institutional violence, consequently because of its official character Tyrer's suffering was not only physical, but also psychological. ____(3)____ there was not only the physical pain of the birching, but also the mental suffering caused by the long wait of several weeks before the punishment was given. There was, ____(4)____, a long delay at the police station on the day of the whipping. It is not relevant that Tyrer's punishment was imposed for a crime of violence, or that it was given instead of a prison sentence. Thus, the punishment was, in all the circumstances, 'degrading punishment' and was _____(5)____ in breach of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

23. Translate into English using the key terms of the unit.