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Quantification of eutrophication
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FACTORS IN FLORIDA LAKES
The basic limnology and trophic characteristics of 55 lakes in north and central Florida were investigated. Relationships between lake trophic state and drainage basin conditions were determined by several multi-variate statistical techniques. An index of trophic state based on seven common and quantifiable trophic indicators was developed through the application of principal component analysis. The results obtained indicate that the trophic state index is a function of computed nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates and lake mean depth.
DISTRIBUTION OF EVAPORABLE WATER
IN HARDENED CEMENT PASTE
Distribution of evaporable water in h.c.p. was studied using a simultaneous semi-isothermal method of thermogravimetry. The variations in the amount of each type in response to changes in curing period, relative humidity, and temperature were determined. It was concluded that the evaporable water in h.c.p. is not present solely as physically absorbed water but also as a structural component of some hydrates.
WHERE DO DREAMS COME FROM?
The biologic underpinning of dreams has been explored through a series of tests. Dreams represent the higher, or thinking, brain’s efforts to make sense out of random lower brain activity that occurs periodically during sleep. The results obtained show how dream content parallels characteristic brain activity during dreaming sleep. An assumption is made that the motor-command sequence determines the flow of events in the dream.
1. Classify the phrases given below into 2 groups: a) those introducing the subject of the study; b) those considering the results obtained.
1. The mechanism of … has been fully confirmed; 2. research into … has been done; 3. these data favor the assumption that …; 4. the parameters of … have been presented; 5. the results obtained suggest an alternative mechanism of …; 6. evidence for … was provided; 7. the values of … were estimated; 8. the components of … are examined; 9. the validity of … is established; 10. the consistency of the assumption of … was tested; 11. a series of experiments on … were performed; 12. the idea of … has been further supported; 13. the function of … has been considered; 14. the phenomenon of … has been discussed.
2. Write an abstract of your paper to be presented at a future conference using phrases suggested below. Remember to mention the three main components of an abstract: the research subject; the methods used; the results obtained.
the subject studies and the methods used
1. The mechanism of … was/has been investigated using the method/technique of ….
2. The structure of … was/has been studied by (the method of) ….
3. The phenomenon of … was/has been analyzed (by means of) ….
4. The process of … was/has been examined making use of technique of ….
5. The function of … was/has been analyzed by ….
the results obtained
1. The relationship between … was/has been established.
2. The interaction between … was/has been determined.
3. The parameters of … were/have been calculated.
4. Some information concerning … was/has been obtained.
5. The properties of … were/have been evaluted.
1. It was/has been found that …
2. It was/has been shown that …
3. It was/has been postulated that …
4. It was/has been established that …
5. It was/has been suggested that …
6. It was/has been concluded that …
1. The conclusion was/has been made that …
2. An assumption was/has been made that …
Speech patterns:
| A comparison of … with … is made. | Делается сравнение с … |
| A method of … is proposed. | Предлагается метод … |
| An approach to estimating … is presented. | Делается подход к оценке … |
| An attempt to … is made. | Делается попытка … |
| Data on … are discussed. | Обсуждаются данные по … |
| Discussion will focus on the problem of … | Обсуждение будет сфокусировано на … |
| I suggest that … | Я выдвигаю предположение, что … |
| Our hypothesis is that … | Наша гипотеза заключается в том, что … |
| Present data encompass a period of … | Настоящие данные охватывают период в … |
| The author introduces the concept of … | Автор вводит концепцию … |
| The design of the experiments was to reveal … | Эксперименты были направлены на выявление … |
| The effect of … on … is discussed. | Обсуждается влияние … на … |
| The experimental foundation of the present discussion consists of … | Экспериментальная основа настоящего обсуждения состоит из … |
| The methods used for … are discussed. | Описываются методы, используемые для … |
| The most important results are as follows … | Самые важные результаты имеют следующий вид … |
| The results indicate the dominant role of … | Результаты указывают на доминирующую роль … |
| The results of … are discussed. | Обсуждаются результаты … |
| The results of observations are supported by … | Результаты наблюдений дополняются … |
| This paper aims at … | Настоящий доклад имеет своей целью … |
| This paper analyzes … | В настоящем докладе дается анализ … |
| This paper concerns/considers/deals with … | В настоящем докладе рассматриваются … |
| This paper comments briefly on … | В настоящем докладе даются краткие замечания по поводу … |
| This paper contains … | В настоящем докладе содержатся … |
| This paper describes … | В настоящем докладе дается описание … |
| This paper discusses … | В настоящем докладе обсуждается … |
| This paper examines … | В настоящем докладе исследуется … |
| This paper presents … | В настоящем докладе представлен … |
| This paper reports on … | В настоящем докладе сообщается о … |
| This study is an attempt to/ attempt at … | Настоящее исследование является попыткой … |
| We have been able to show that … | Нам удалось показать … |