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Amp; remember the rule.
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Ø When we report statements, we use the verbs ‘say’ or ‘tell’ to introduce the statement. Pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning.
e.g. Sophie said, ‘I bought a new camera yesterday.’
Sophie said (that) she had bought a new camera the day before.
Ø When the introductory verb is in the past simple, the verb tenses change as follows:
Ø Certain words and time expressions change as follows:
Ø When the introductory verb is in the present, future or present perfect simple or when the sentence expresses something which is always true (general truth), there are no changes in the verb tenses in reported speech
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
| She says, ‘I don’t like him.’ | She says(that) she doesn’t like him. (the introductory verb is in the present) |
| ‘It is cold in the Arctic, ’ said the teacher. | The teacher said (that) it is cold in the Arctic. (general truth) |
Ø The past continuous, past perfect simple and past perfect continuous do not change in reported speech.
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
| ‘I was watching TV while she was cooking, ’ he said. | He said (that) he was watching TV while she was cooking. |
Ø Certain modal verbs do not change in reported speech. These are would, could, might, should and ought to.
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
| ‘I couldrun fast when I was young, ’ Tom said. | Tom said (that) he couldrun fast when he was young. |