Answer the questions.

to match [mæ t∫ ] – подбирать пару

hamburger [‘hæ mb∂: g∂ ] - гамбургер

snack [snæ k] – легкая закуска

fast food – “скорая еда”

to chop - нарезать

pickle [‘pikl] – соленый или маринованный огурец

ketchup [‘ket∫ ∂ p] – кетчуп

recipe [‘resipi] – рецепт

mayonnaise [, mei∂ ’neiz]– майонез

dressing – приправа

sesame [‘ses∂ mi] – кунжут

ingredient [in’gri: dj∂ nt] – составная часть

origin [‘oridzin] – происхождение

#15 Coca – Cola

In 1886 John Pemberton, a druggist in Atlanta, Georgia, made a brown syrup by mixing coca leaves and coca nuts. Pemberton sold the syrup in his drugstore as a medicine to cure all kinds of problems. Pemberton called his all-purpose medicine “Coca-Cola.”

When few people bought Coca-Cola, Pemberton sold it to another druggist, Asa Candler. Candler decided to sell Coca-Cola as a soda-fountain drink instead of as a medicine.

At the soda fountains in drugstores, the syrup was mixed with soda water to make the drink Coca0Cola. Candler advertised a lot and sold his syrup to many drugstores. Soon everyone was going to soda fountains and asking for Coca-Cola.

Candler saw no reason for putting Coca-Cola into bottles. But two businessmen thought this would a good idea. They got permission from Candler, and before long they became millionaires.

As of 1903, coca leaves were no longer used in Coca-Cola. The exact ingredients used and their quantities are not known – the Coca-Cola Company keeps its recipe a secret.

World War I helped make Coca0Cola popular outside the United States. The Coca-Cola Company sent free bottles of the drink to U.S. soldiers fighting in Europe. Coca-Cola became very popular with the soldiers – so popular that the U.S. Army asked the company to start ten factories in Europe. After the war, these factories continued to make Coca-Cola. Today, there are Coca-Cola factories around the world.

#16 THE “ HOLE ” STORY ABOUT DOUGHNUTS

1. Nothing is more American than hot dogs, hamburgers and Cokes – except, of course, sweet doughnuts. Doughnuts may not be served at Fourth of July barbecues but they are on the menu every morning at millions of coffee shops across America. They can be brown with cinnamon, white with powdered sugar, pink with icing, round, long or twisted. They’re dunked, licked, munched and sometimes twirled on a finger. But no matter what shape or flavor they are or how they’re eaten, they have a long history of being the USA’s favorite breakfast treat.

2. The first doughnut to appear on the American scene would be pretty stale by now because ithas been aroundsince thebeginning of the country’s history. The early colonial settlers had a taste for doughnuts and even wrote about then in their historical records. Back then, they simply fried sweet cakes. Actually, doughnuts are food as old as oil and flour, one of humankind’s most ancient and simplest foods. They were made by grinding grain into flour, then mixing flour with the water to make the dough. Then they fried the dough in oil and poured honey over to sweet it. Trough the ages, all societies have had some form of this food. Each called it by a different name. This fried cake also took many different shapes around the world. It was round or twisted, and some even had one or more holes.

3. The settlers brought these recipes for fried cakes with them to the New World. What a surprise it was when it turned out the natives had their own form of doughnut. It was a fried-dough cake of cornmeal, often sweetened with tree sap. A petrified doughnut with a hole in the middle was dug up several years ago from a cave in Oklahoma. The cave was full of relics from a prehistoric native tribe.

4. It’s not certain when the word doughnut actually came to be used in America, but it began to appear in recipes during the 18^th century. It became a very popular food on the frontier. It was a basic and easy meal for settlers traveling west. As time went on, people continued to make doughnuts in their homes and some bakeries. During World War I, girls who worked for an organization called the Salvation Army fried doughnuts for the soldiers at war in France. They used garbage cans as pots and started with just a few doughnuts. Soon they couldn’t keep up with demand. The soldiers loved them, not only because they filled their stomachs, but because they reminded them of home. Whet they did go home after the war, they asked for more.

5. A man named Adolph Levitt was there to provide them. He owned a bakery. When he realized the ex-soldiers wanted doughnuts, he put a pot in the window so people could watch the doughnuts fry as a man turned them over with a stick. People loved it. And they loved to it them too. Eventually Adolph couldn’t make enough doughnuts for his customers. He talked to an engineer about making a doughnut machine. After 12 attempts, the Wonderful Almost Human Automatic Donut Machine was invented. This too was put in a bakery window. Again people were fascinated as they watched dough go in and doughnuts stream out.

6. Bakeries from all over the country came to buy the machines as doughnut fever hit America. Doughnut shops popped up everywhere. All across the USA, people were making, buying, and eating doughnuts – just like they do today.

VOCABULARY

What is the meaning of the underlined words? Circle the letter of the correct answer. Use a dictionary to check your answers.

1. Doughnuts are dunked.

a. dipped into sugar while eating

b. dipped into a liquid while eating

c. broken into small pieces while eating

2. Doughnuts are munched.

a. eaten with great movement of the mouth

b. chewed for a long time

c. eaten with small bites

3. Doughnuts are sometimes twirled on a finger.

a. pushed up and down

b. turned around and around

c. thrown into the air

4. The first doughnut that appeared in America would be stale today.

a. prehistoric

b. not fresh

c. unique

5. They were made by grinding grain into flour.

a. crushing into a powder

b. pressing into a powder

c. beating into a powder

6. They mixed the flour with water to make the dough.

a. liquid mixture made with flour and water

b. soft, pasty mass made with flour and water

c. light, fluffy food made with flour and water

7. A petrified doughnut with a hole in the middle was found in a cave in Oklahoma.

a. turned into stone

b. rooted

c. soft and rotted

8. The cave had relics from a prehistoric tribe.

a. remains

b. souvenirs

c. traces

9. Doughnuts became popular on the frontier.

a. wild areas of the United States

b. between the settled and wild areas of the United States

c. settled areas of the United States

10. People liked to watch the dough go in and doughnuts stream out of the doughnut machine.

a. rise out of

b. jump out now and then

c. come out continuously