Vocabulary exercises. Word-building:to produce V

Word-building: to produce v. + (t)ion = production n.

I. Complete and translate:

to exhibit, to protect, to quest, to express, to communicate, to instruct, to relate, to differentiate, to invent, to locate, to discuss.

II. Find in the text and copy out sentences in which prepositions from and for are used. Translate them.

III. Complete the following sentences using the words from the box:

invented be research recently printing during

1. Posters are used in academia to promote and explain ….. work. 2. The great revolution in posters was the development of ….. techniques that allowed for cheap mass production and printing. 3. The technique lithography was ….. in 1796 by the German Alois Senefelder. 4. Posters are typically shown ….. conferences, either as a complement to a talk or scientific paper, or as a publication. 5. They can ….. a good introduction to a new piece of research before the paper is published. 6. This poster has been frequently criticized…...

Unit II Mass Media

IV. Ask all types of questions to the following sentence:

Posters reflected the social changes of the industrial age.

V. Fill in prepositions and conjunctions then comment the text:

A poster is any piece of printed paper designed to be attached … a wall or vertical surface. Typically posters include both textual and graphic elements, …. a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly text. Posters are designed to be both eye-catching and informative. Posters may be used …. many purposes. They are a frequent tool …. advertisers (particularly of events, musicians and films), propagandists, protestors and other groups trying to communicate a message.

Posters are also used for reproductions of artwork, particularly famous works, and are generally low-cost compared to original artwork. Posters, in the form of placards and posted bills, have been used …. earliest times, primarily for advertising and announcements.

Purely textual posters have a long history: they advertised the plays of Shakespeare and made citizens aware of government proclamations for centuries.

The modern poster, as we know it, …., dates back to the 1840s and 1850s when the printing industry perfected colour lithography and made mass production possible.

Keys: since, for, to, however, of, although.

VI. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Постер – это художественно оформленный плакат, используемый для рекламных или декоративных целей. 2. Рост популярности плаката связан с увеличением общественно-политической и культурной жизни. 3. Плакат должен быть виден на расстоянии, быть понятным и хорошо восприниматься зрителем. 4. Первоначально киноплакаты создавались на основе отображения отдельных кадров фильма. 5. Политический плакат появился в начале ХХ века. 6. Большое влияние на эволюцию плаката оказало развитие средств массовой информации и полиграфии.

SPEAKING:

I. Explain why a poster’s strength lies in an unexpected and fresh rendering of the important issues of the day.

II. Discuss the role of political posters. Say what ideas or events they reflect and when they become effective.

TEXT 2