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From Manual Labour to Full Mechanization
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The evolution of the tamping machine
1953 Construction of the first hydraulic tamping machine, HGL
1955 First tamping machine, VKR 01, in cantilever design
1960 First leveling and tamping machine, VKR 04
1962 First switch tamping machine, WE 75
1965 First two-sleeper tamping machine – Duomatic
1971 First leveling and tamping machine 07 in standard railway vehicle design
1984 First continuous action tamping machine, 09 CSM
1996 First continuous action three-sleeper tamping machine, 09-3X
Test 11
I. The following phrases are in the text. Draw a line from the first half of each sentence to the second half.
| 1. The VPRS 03 roadbed leveling, tamping and alignment machine is designed… | a. … hoisting a third rail for working on heavy switch assemblies with bars of reinforced concrete. |
| 2. The machine is equipped with an additional removable device for … | b. … manual-control mode. |
| 3. Leveling systems of the machine are controlled… | c. … to perform longitudinal and transversal leveling and lining of railroad tracks. |
| 4. The machine operates either in semi-automatic or … | d. … by a microprocessor system. |
II. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
a) The VPRS-03 is designed to perform longitudinal and transversal leveling and lining of railroad tracks.
b) Productivity of the machine when leveling and tamping a track (ties per hour) is 2000.
c) Permissible curvature of track with working mechanisms in transportation position is 40 meters in radius.
d) The machine has two-tie tamping units for tamping one tie from 2 sides and two neighboring ties from the internal side.
e) Operating crew consists of 4 or 5 persons.
III. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
| 1.ambient temperature | a. температура окружающего воздуха |
| 2. overhaul | b. нивелировка, выравнивание |
| 3. maintenance | c. соосность, выверка прямолинейности |
| 4. leveling | d. поперечный, секущая |
| 5. аlignment | e. торец шпалы |
| 6. transversal | f. капитальный ремонт, переборка |
| 7. butt-end of а tie | g. временный, предварительный |
| 8. interim | h. эксплуатация, уход, содержание |
| 9. gravity | i. параллельный путь |
| 10. switching line | j. сила тяжести |
IV. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
a) bedded
b) bed
c) to bed
1. Rail infrastructure authorities are to improve the track ________ on which trains run.
2. Ties ___________ in various types of ballast.
3. Builders _________ bricks on lime.
V. Match the terms with the appropriate definitions.
| 1. deviation | a. a straight line joining two points on a curve |
| 2. subtending | b. following in regular unbroken order |
| 3. traverse adjustment | c. a noticeable difference from what is expected; a measurable difference from a standard |
| 4. chord | d. the state of being curved |