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Complete the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets (gerund (-ing) or infinitive (with or without to).
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1 If the weather is good, the aircraft arrives at point of destination without delaying (delay)
2 The meteorologist forecasts the weather _____________ the pilots ___________ which route ____________ (help, decide, fly)
3 Turbulence happens when the smooth flow of air is disturbed by something in its path on the ground or by __________ or _____________ air. (rise, descend)
4 If the forecast is very bad, the pilot may __________ _____________ his flight. (decide, postpone).
5 The pilot needs ___________ the wind direction and speed. (know)
6 Wind shear is the word, used by ATC __________ pilots of a sudden change in wind direction or speed. (warn)
7 From his charts, the meteorologist can _________ where the bad weather will be at a certain time in the future. (f orecast)
8 The words, used _____________ how strong the wind is, are: calm, breeze, strong, gale, storm. (describe).
1 Look at the words below, check their meaning. Group them according to which category they are referring to:
| Rain headwind shower turbulence ice crystals CB snow calm CAT tailwind (backwind) snow shower hail icing ice pellets breeze crosswind strong diamond dust clutters upper wind (wind aloft) jet stream gale (very strong) wind-shear storm thunderstorm gusting snow grains surface wind drizzle. |
| Precipitation | Wind | Weather conditions at the altitude | Words, used to describe how strong the wind is. |
2 Match the words associated with precipitation on the left with their explanations on the right:
| 1. water vapour | a) snow and rain together |
| 2. humidity | b) a lot of rain |
| 3. dew point | c) very fine rain |
| 4. rain | d) a lot of precipitation |
| 5. drizzle | e) a lot of water standing on a runway |
| 6. snow | f) the amount of water vapour in the air |
| 7. hail | g) water in the air as a gas |
| 8. sleet | h) ice crystals falling from the sky |
| 9. light | i) water falling from the sky |
| 10. heavy | j) the temperature to which the air can cool before water vapour turns back to water |
| 11. shower | k) balls of ice falling from the sky |
| 12. flooded | l) a small amount of precipitation |
3 What abbreviations do these definitions correspond to? Compare your answers with your partner.
a) above mean sea level
b) automatical terminal information service
c) the weather is fine
d) meteorological or meteorology
e) runway visual range
f) visual meteorological conditions
g) significant information concerning en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operations
h) terminal aerodrome forecast
i) meteorological information for aircraft in flight