Electronic books

1. Read the article “Read a Good PowerBook Lately? ” and learn the new vocabulary.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the virtues of ordinary printed books and the benefits of electronic books? What are their faults/disadvantages?

2. Comment upon the statement: “If anything, electronic books are reminders of how good real books are.”

3. Why might some people be reluctant to use the PowerBook for pleasure reading?

4. Would you enjoy reading a novel using the PowerBook? Why or why not?

5. The writer describes books as “intensely personal and highly interactive”. What do you think he means by this? Do you agree with him? Do you think electronic books can be personal and interactive? Explain your answer.

6. How much do literary disks for PowerBook computers cost?

7. What features does Voyager’s software offer?

8. What features does the PowerBook computer have?

9. What technology is Booklink developing?

READ A GOOD POWERBOOK LATELY?

Publishers are discovering the virtues of paperless novels. But will readers curl up to a computer screen?

by Philip Elmer-Dewitt

The hard-cover book is a pretty venerable piece of technology. The letters on the page are descended from movable type pioneered by Johanes Gutenberg in the 1400s. The paper is not all that different from papyrus used by the Pharaohs. Books today may be written with word processors, but they are still printed in ink, bound with thread and delivered essentially by hand.

Computer enthusiasts have long predicted that the digital revolution would soon liberate the word from the printed page and put it directly on the screen. In the past decade, hundreds of reference books – including such well-known titles as Bartlett's Familiar Quotations and Roget's Thesaurus – have appeared in electronic form. But when it comes to literature, the electronic publishing movement has run into resistance from both readers and publishers. As inevitable as the paperless book may seem, neither group could quite imagine sitting down to read Faulkner, Fielding or Flaubert on a computer.

So it was something of a breakthrough last week when Harold Evans, president of Random House, and John Sculley, chairman of Apple Computer, met in a New York City boardroom and announced that titles from one of America's most famous book series, the Modern Library, will be published in electronic form. Among the first to be issued on disk are Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, Melville's Moby Dick and Dickens' David Copperfield. The disks, priced below $25, are designed to run on Apple's portable PowerBook computers, which are widely considered to be more reader-friendly than IBM-type laptops.

The PowerBook packs the features of a Macintosh into a machine the size and weight of a dictionary. But driving the new venture is a bit of magic performed by programmers at Voyager, a Santa Monica, Calif, software company, that makes the experience of reading a book on a screen amazingly close to reading paper. " It's the first thing I've seen that I could curl up in bed with", says Nora Rawlinson, editor in chief of the trade magazine Publishers Weekly.

Voyager's software displays the text on clean white pages that replicate the design of the hardback rather than using the scrolling strings of text so familiar to computer users. A touch of a button turns the page or allows the reader to flip back and forth. Users can dog-ear the corner of a page to mark their place, or attach an electronic paper clip for easy reference. Passages can be underscored or marked on the side, and there are generous margins for putting down notes.

The computer also brings benefits not offered by ordinary books: a backlit screen that permits reading in a darkened bed-room without disturbing a spouse, the option of enlarging the type to reduce eyestrain, the ability to copy passages onto a ‘notebook’ page, and a search feature that displays occurrences of any chosen word, name or phrase. This last option could prove handу for, say, recalling the identity of an obscure Dostoevsky character who suddenly reappears after 100 pages.

Other firms are working on similar products. Microsoft has published dozens of electronic reference books for IBM-compatible computers. The Slate Corp., an Arizona-based software vendor has developed software that lets people flip through the pages of an electronic book by flicking a stylus across a touch-sensitive screen. And Booklink, a Florida-based start-up, is designing a notebook-size reading device that could be loaded with digitized books from a cash machine-type dispenser that would serve as an electronic library. By eliminating distribution and warehousing costs, Booklink's backers think they can make classics available for as little as $1 or $2 a title.

Elegant as these products may be, there is no guarantee that even those readers who own the necessary equipment will want to use it for reading novels. If anything, the new paperless books are reminders of how good real books ere. As Denise Caruso, editor of the newsletter Digital Media, points out, books are everything that everyone wants the new electronic media to be: portable, intensely personal and highly interactive.

Will readers give up the feel of paper and the smell of ink for a machine whose batteries have to be recharged every three hours? " The great power of the printed book is that it requires no technology; it is accessible to anyone who can read", admits Daniel Boorstin, the former Librarian of Congress. It may be po­pular among students and scholars, who can use the electronic features to do productive work, rather than those simply reading for pleasure.

Ultimately, it may be the economics of publishing, not the aesthetics, that determine what shape literature will take. Fiber-optic wires and data-compression techniques make it possible to deliver books – as well as magazines and newspapers – over telephone or cable-TV lines. In the future, readers may select what they want to read from a menu of titles and have their choices zapped almost instantly to their portable machines. Old-fashioned books will probably never be entirely displaced, but as the cost of digital information continues to fall, and the environmental and production costs of paper keep rising, the pleasure of buying and reading a new hardbound volume may someday be limited to the few who can still afford it.

From “Time”

VOCABULARY

break-through, n (the making of) an important advance or discovery, often after earlier failures

e.g. to make/achieve a major breakthrough in cancer treatment

curl up, v curl, twist or bend; sit or lie in a comfortable position

dispense, v give out to a number of people

e.g. This machine dispenses coffee

dispenser, na machine or counter from which sth may be obtained, esp. by pushing a button or by pressing a handle

e.g. a drinks dispenser, a soap dispenser in a public toilet, a cash dispenser outside a bank

displace, v 1. force out of the usual place

2. take the place of (as if) by pushing out; supplant

dog-ear, v bend the corner of a page in order to mark one's place in a book.

dog-eared, adj (esp. of books and papers) having the corners of the pages bent down with use

flick, v 1. (cause to) move with a light quick sudden movement

2. strike with a light quick sudden blow from a whip, finger, etc.

flip through sth, v look quickly through sth by turning the pieces or pages.

handy, adj useful and simple to use

e.g. a handy little gadget for peeling potatoes.

issue, v produce (esp. sth printed and/or official)

issue, n sth which is produced so as to be publicly sold or given out

e.g. The Christmas issue of the magazine

pioneer, v begin or help in the early development of

e.g. This pioneered the use of the silicon chip.

replicate, v (tech) do or make again, esp. so as to get the same result or make an exact copy

venture, n a course of action, esp. in business, of which the result is uncertain and there is a risk of loss or failure as well as chance of gain or success

e.g. a commercial/joint venture

venture, v1. take the risk of, expose to, danger or loss

e.g. venture too near the edge of the cliff

2. go so far as, dare,

e.g. venture (to put forward) an opinion; venture a guess

NOTES

cable TV, n a system of broadcasting television by cable, usu. paid for bу the user

cable, n a set of wires which carry telephone messages, television signals, etc.

cash machine, n a machine that dispenses money from one's bank account. A card and identification number must be used to obtain the money.

digital, adj of or based on a system in which information is represented in the form of changing electronic signals

digitize, v put information into a digital form

e.g. digitized books (=electronic books, issued on disks)

disk, disc, n a flat circular piece of plastic used, for storing computer information

Faulkner, William (1897-1962) US novelist, short-story writer, and critic; Nobel Prize 1949

fibre optics, n the use of very thin glass or plastic fibres to send light signals, esp. for carrying telephone signals

Flaubert, Gustave (1821-1880) French novelist

IBM International Business Machines; a very large American-based international business computer company.

laptop, n a very small portable word processor.

Macintosh, n a brand of computer made by Apple Company. It is widely used in the USA, esp. in schools.

Melville, Herman (1819-1991) US novelist

papyrus, n 1. a grasslike water plant formerly common in Egypt, used in ancient times, esp. for making paper

2. a type of paper made from this plant.

Pharaoh, n the ruler of ancient Egypt

reader-friendly, adj easy to read. The phrase comes from this term " user-friendly", which describes a software program that is easy to use.

scroll, v (tech) move (information) on а screen connected to a computer, in a continuous movement from bottom to top.

software, n operating programs for computers. The computer equipment itself is called “hardware”.

start-up, n a new company or business

Thesaurus, n a book of words that are put in groups together according to connections between their meanings rather than in alphabetical list.

touch-sensitive, adj able to respond or react to touch

trade magazine, n a publication that focuses on a single industry or profession For ex., there are trade magazines for publishing, for fashion design, for the theatre, etc.

vendor, -er, n 1. a seller of small articles that can be carried about or pushed on a cart.

2. (law) the seller of a house, land, etc.

word-processor, n a small computer used esp. for ordinary office jobs, such as typing letters and reports, storing information

zap, v transmit or send quickly