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Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-J, below.
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ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ЭКОНОМИКИ
КАФЕДРА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Барановская Т.А., Ласточкина Т.И., Зайцева В.С.,
Захарова А. В., Захарова Л.А., Поспелова Т.Б., Суворова Ю.А.
English for Academic Purposes
Supplementary Material
to “Economics” by Ch.St.J.Yates
Для студентов 1 курса
Москва 2010
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Настоящее пособие является приложением к учебнику “Economics” Ch.St.J.Yates. Пособие составлено преподавателями кафедры английского языка на факультете экономики. Цель пособия – способствовать развитию у студентов академических навыков в области чтения, говорения, аудирования, письма, а также усвоению специальной терминологии по экономической специальности.
Задания построены в формате международного экзамена IELTS, что позволяет поэтапно подготовить студентов к сдаче этого экзамена по окончании второго курса.
Большая часть заданий сосредоточена на закреплении материала основных текстов учебника.
Пособие предлагает дополнительные тексты по пройденной тематике и ряд заданий к ним в формате IELTS.
UNIT 1 THREE ECONOMIC ISSUES
Text 1 Three economic issues
1 Which paragraph contains the following information?
1 the introduction of the notion oil price shocks
2 the way economies performed before the oil price shocks
3 substitute commodities change the structure of production
4 countries which are better off in comparison with the rest of the world
5 high oil prices make producers economize on oil consumption
6 countries which gained large profits from the oil price increases of 1973-74
2 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text Three economic issues?
Use TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 From the start of the century until 1973 the price of oil increased steadily in comparison with the prices of other commodities.
2 The OPEC forecast that potential oil substitutes would not negatively affect the quantity demanded on the oil market.
3 Basic economic issues are generally settled by the guidance of price changes.
4 Higher oil prices lead to reduction in consumption of coal.
5 Less expensive oil substitutes make oil prices lower.
6 Germany and Japan gave up producing their own commodities in exchange for oil imports.
7 When the OPEC shocks took place there had already been various substitutes of oil in developed countries.
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-J, below.
1 When oil prices rise, consumers try
2 The OPEC members decided to raise prices
3 During oil shocks chemical manufactures develop artificial substitutes
4 High prices encourage consumers
5 Oil shocks allowed oil-exporting countries
6 Information on what is produced can be used
A to respond to their price increase.
B to determine the shifts taking place in the economy.
C to reduce the consumption of it.
D to reduce the use of oil-based products.
E to gain extra profits.
F to economize on purchasing oil-based substitutes.
G to buy more substitute products.
H to make world economy less stable.
I to consume more of what was produced in the world.
J to increase the buying power of oil-importing countries.
4 Complete the summary of the text Three economic issues from your textbook.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO words for each answer.
Every group of people must solve three basic problems of daily living: what goods and services to produce, how to produce these goods and services, and for whom to produce these goods and services. Virtually, all these three problems illustrate how society ___1___ available resources.
By goods we mean physical ___2____such as steel, cars, and strawberries which are normally purchased by ___3___. By services we mean activities such as massages or live theatre performances which can be ___4___ or enjoyed only at the instant they are produced.
By emphasizing the role of society, our definition places economics within the social sciences, the sciences that study and explain human behaviour. This behaviour is generally rational and makes people ___5___ price changes. High prices not only make people switch to cheaper ___6____, but negatively affect the ____7____ related commodities.
The central economic problem for society is how to reconcile the conflict between people's virtually limitless desires for goods and services, and the ___8__ of resources (labour, machinery, and raw materials) with which these goods and services can be ___9___. In answering the questions what, how, and for whom to produce, economics explains how scarce resources are allocated between ___10___.