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Aviation Communication
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A. Dialogue
| Instructor: Student: Instructor: Student: Instructor: Student: Instructor: Student: Instructor: Student: Instructor: | Let's look at how the air traffic control (ATC) system operates. Is this information applicable to countries other than the United States? Yes. You'll find that ATC operates in a similar manner throughout the world. As you must realize, standard communication prevents confusion. In this business a wrong altitude or heading could be disastrous. Is there an organization responsible for maintaining standards for communication? Well, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was formed in 1944 in order to establish a standard international system of communication. How many countries does the ICAO represent? Today the ICAO represents approximately 196 countries. It standardizes layout and organization of airports, aircraft certification and airworthiness guidelines, and the types of international personnel at airports. What kind of personnel do you mean? Personnel in areas such as customs, health, and immigration. Are there standards for pronunciation of numbers and letters? Yes, there are. Here are some exercises that will give you practice with numbers and letters. If you learn correctly from the beginning, you'll develop excellent communication skills. |
B. Reading
Numbers are used in almost every radio call. Except for whole hundreds and thousands, pronounce each digit of a number separately. The number ten, for example, is pronounced one zero, rather than ten. The number 11, 000 is pronounced one one thousand, not eleven thousand.
When a number has a decimal point in it, say the word decimal at the proper place. The number 121.1, for example, is pronounced one two one decimal one. Decimal is the ICAO standard. However, in the United States the word point is sometimes used.
To avoid misunderstandings, the pronunciation of some digits differs from that used in normal conversation. There could be confusion on the radio between the numbers five and nine; these are pronounced fife and niner. The numeral 0 is pronounced zero, the numeral three is tree, and the word thousand is tousand. All other numbers are pronounced in the usual fashion.
C. Number Practice
Read the following numbers aloud. Be sure to pronounce them as if you are making a radio call.
| 2 (two) 3 (tree) 7 (seven) 9 (niner) 5 (fife) 6 (six) 4 (four) 8 (eight) | 8, 000 12, 000 118.1 109.9 111.1 | (zero) (one two one) (six fife zero) (eight tousand) (one two tousand) (one one eight decimal one) (one zero niner decimal niner) (one one one decimal one) |
| 14, 500 (one four tousand fife hundred or one four fife zero zero) |
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| 114.7 109.5 | 115.9 1, 187 | 14, 000 22, 000 |
D. Letters
Letters pronounced on the radio can be difficult to understand due to the similarity of the sound of many letters. To avoid confusion, the ICAO has adopted a system of words, one representing each letter of the alphabet. All letters should be pronounced in this manner. Abbreviations, such as VOR, ILS, and VFR, are the only exception.
| Letter | Phonetic Alphabet |
| A | Alfa |
| B | Bravo |
| C | Charlie |
| D | Delta |
| E | Echo |
| F | Foxtrot |
| G | Golf |
| H | Hotel |
| I | India |
| J | Juliett |
| K | Kilo |
| L | Lima |
| M | Mike |
| N | November |
| O | Oscar |
| P | Papa |
| Q | Quebec |
| R | Romeo |
| S | Sierra |
| T | Tango |
| U | Uniform |
| V | Victor |
| W | Whiskey |
| X | X-ray |
| Y | Yankee |
| Z | Zulu |
E. Letter Practice
Read the following letters aloud. Be sure to pronounce them as if you are making a radio call.
| M P O S F I J | U H A T Z N D | R X K L G Q | Y E V B W C |
F. Number and Letter Practice
Read the following numbers and letters aloud. Be sure to pronounce them as if you are making a radio call.
| 108.0 B229 N637 J3VDF AZ44DE | 24, 000 CGMH UN3K X5WY LIQ | PORS T22A ORK N102FA N176PM | 29.92 118.1 123.0 QRM N3559VK |
G. Terminology Practice
Air Traffic Control (ATC): a service provided to promote a safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air traffic
Is it difficult for ATC to communicate with a large number of aircraft?
ATC is responsible for the safety of aircraft.
It is ATC's responsibility to provide safe air traffic separation.
altitude: the elevation above sea level
The aircraft is flying at an altitude of 4, 000 feet.
What's our present altitude?
The minimum altitude for this flight is 7, 500 feet.
heading: the horizontal direction in which an aircraft is pointed, expressed in angular distance from a reference point
Turn left to a heading of 150 degrees.
Will this heading take us south of the airport?
Fly this heading until the airport is in sight.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO): an international organization that regulates aviation
Over 190 countries belong to the ICAO.
Do all nations belong to the ICAO?
International standards regulating air navigation are recommended by the ICAO.