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Departure and Approach Control
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A. Dialogue
| Student: Instructor: Student: Instructor: Student: Instructor: Student: Instructor: Pilot: Departure: Pilot: Student: Instructor: Student: Instructor: Student: Instructor: Approach: Pilot: Approach: | If traffic is light, does the same person handle both departure and approach control? Yes, that's possible. However, when traffic at the airport and in the airways is heavy, there's a different person for each job. In either case, the safe sequencing of departing and arriving aircraft must be maintained. The radar scopes look confusing. How do the controllers identify airplanes? Most planes are equipped with transponders. The transponder causes a distinctive pattern, called a target, to appear on the radar scope. Each target has an individual squawk designated by ATC. The pilot selects the squawk on the aircraft's transponder. When the pilot pushes the ident button, the aircraft's target becomes brighter. So that's how the controller differentiates between aircraft. What does the number next to the target represent? The number identifies the aircraft. A Mode C transponder also shows altitude, which is represented by another number next to the target. Ground speed is computed using a computer connected to the radar system. I see. Those marks in the center of the radar scope look like the airport's runway layout. Is the target coming off the end of the runway a departing aircraft? Yes, it is. The tower controller will ask the departing aircraft to contact departure control. The departure controller will then receive a call from the aircraft, and will advise the aircraft that it's in radar contact. Let's listen. *** Departure, Lockheed 114 heavy is with you, climbing past 1, 000 feet. Lockheed 114 heavy, this is departure control. Your radar contact altitude confirms. Turn left to heading 180 degrees. Climb and maintain 14, 000 feet. Maintain an airspeed of 210 knots. Lockheed 114 heavy, left to 180 degrees, climb and maintain 14, 000 feet, speed 210 knots. *** How long will an aircraft be under the authority of departure control? Until it reaches the limit of departure control's radar coverage. Then the aircraft is handed off to the next radar facility. The departure controller advises the next controller by telephone and informs the aircraft of the new facility's frequency. Is ATIS used by a plane approaching an airport? Yes. That's a good observation. ATIS informs the pilot of the landing-runway and the instrument approach in use. Then the pilot can study the appropriate approach plate and tune in the frequency for the radio. Look. There's the aircraft target moving into position to make its approach to Runway 15. What's the controller doing now? Calling out vectors. Let's listen. *** Jet 700, descend and maintain 2, 500 feet. Turn left to a heading of 240 degrees. Reduce speed to 170 knots. Jet 700 cleared to 2, 500 feet, left to 240 degrees, slow to 170 knots. Jet 700 further left to a heading of 180 degrees, cleared for an instrument landing system (ILS) Runway 15 approach. Maintain 2, 500 feet. Intercept the localizer and fly it inbound. Contact the tower. |
B. Terminology Practice
airway: a designated route for aircraft, equipped with navigational aids
The thunderstorms were north of the airway.
Fly at a heading of 150 degrees to intercept the airway.
How long was the airway?
approach plate: a diagram of an approved instrument approach that includes instructions for procedures, communication, and navigation
We can obtain the ILS frequency on the approach plate.
The approach plate shows the inbound approach course.
Did you review the approach plate after listening to ATIS?
ground speed: the speed of an aircraft relative to the surface of the earth over which it is traveling
We'll have the computer calculate the ground speed.
What's the relationship between the airspeed and the ground speed?
Our ground speed is 450 knots.
hand off: to transfer radar traffic from one controller to another
Approach control will hand off the approaching traffic.
One ARTCC will hand off traffic to the next ARTCC.
Who hands off the inbound air traffic?
ident: to activate a feature on the transponder of an aircraft that accentuates the target on a radar screen.
Squawk transponder code 5433 and ident.
If you understand the message, ident.
When does a pilot ident?
instrument landing system (ILS): a system designed to provide an approach path for the exact alignment and descent of an aircraft preparing to land
Turn left to heading 340 degrees and intercept the ILS.
You are cleared for the ILS approach to Runway 33.
Will the ILS guide the aircraft to the end of the runway?
intercept: to meet and follow a navigational course or route
Intercept the localizer and fly it inbound.
We intercepted the airway 50 miles from the station.
At what altitude do we intercept the approach course?
localizer: an electronic beam that is part of the ILS and provides the pilot with course guidance to the centerline of the runway.
Fly at a heading of 350 degrees and intercept the localizer.
The localizer provides course guidance to the runway.
Is the localizer used during takeoff?
Mode C: a type of transponder that provides altitude information
Check your Mode C since we don't read your altitude.
Without a Mode C transponder, the altitude of the aircraft isn't indicated on the radar.
When did the Mode C become imperative?
sequence: to arrange events in a particular order
ATC is responsible for sequencing arriving and departing flights.
Has ATC sequenced the flight yet?
Proper sequencing is essential for the safe flow of air traffic.
squawk: to set the transponder code of an aircraft
Your squawk code is 4321.
Are we squawking the right code?
We are requested to squawk a new code for 1567.
target: the representation of an aircraft on a radar scope
This target will be handed off to the next radar facility.
What was the last position of that target?
The target has disappeared from the radar.
transponder: an electronic device located on an aircraft that generates a distinctive pattern on radar
Turn on the transponder before takeoff.
A transponder transmits an electronically coded signal.
Who usually issues transponder codes?
vector: a heading issued to an aircraft that provides navigational guidance
What is the vector to the ILS approach course?
The vector to intercept the airway is 230 degrees.
The controller has issued a vector.
C. Check-Up
Fill in the blanks with the proper terms from the list.
| airway approach plate ground speed ILS ident | localizer Mode C sequence target transponder |
1. The ___________ provides an approach path for aircraft preparing to land.
2. A ___________ generates a distinctive pattern on radar.
3. Both approach and departure control must ___________ planes in order to provide safe air traffic separation.
4. An ___________ is a designated route for aircraft, equipped with navigational aids.
5. To activate a transponder's identification feature, the pilot must ___________.
6. The ___________ transponder provides altitude information.
7. The component of the ILS that provides guidance to the centerline of the runway is the ___________.
8. The ___________ is a diagram of information regarding the instrument approach.
9. A ___________ is a representation of a plane on a radar scope.
10. ___________ is an aircraft's speed relative to the earth's surface.