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American English
apartment sneakers can candies cookie first floor drugstore elevator gas fall highway schedule movies pants sick subway truck vacation stove rental car cell phone stand in line sidewalk elementary school British English flat trainers tin sweets biscuit ground floor chemist('s) lift petrol autumn main road timetable cinema trousers ill tube, underground van, lorry holiday cooker hire car mobile phone queue pavement primary school
GRAMMAR Note! American English often uses Past Simple where British English uses Present Perfect. American. Did you have lunch yet? British. Have you had lunch yet?
Roy is an American and he has written this letter to his Mum. Can you rewrite the letter in British English?
I know you're worrying about me, so I decided to write you and say that I'm fine and enjoying my vacation in Europe. We already traveled in the south of France and now we are in Paris. I'm living in a big apartment building in an apartment on the first floor with John and another pal. It looks like the beginning of fall here, though it's only the end of August. The weather is not very pleasant, I'm afraid, so we spend a lot of time in museums - you must be proud of me! Our schedule is rather tough -tomorrow we are going to Brussels by automobile, which we are going to rent in the morning. We'll have to start our journey early in the morning. Though the motorways in Europe are not bad, they are not as wide as in America and we don't want to get into the traffic jams. I miss you, Dad and my little sister. Hope you're all feeling well. See you soon. Love, Roy.
A Canadian's Language Problems* As we know two main variants of... English language are British and American English. So there are British English speakers and American ones.... Canadian is neither one thing nor... other.... British think he is... American,
Unit ten
It is, moreover, confusing to be repeatedly mistaken for... American. Is there anything more unpleasant for... Canadian than to be introduced as 'from America' at... English party, or to be asked " What part of... States do you come from? " ... problem is more acute for... Canadian living in Britain. Daily he is faced with decisions that call his speech and his identity into question. Do I buy my groceries in... 'store' as I would at home or in... 'shop' as... English do? Do I ask for... 'package of cookies' or... 'packet of biscuits'? Do I eat 'candies' or 'sweets' when I'm hungry? Even... simplest act requires... soul-searching decision. And sometimes he asks himself: " What's... English for? " and he just can't think of it. It's like trying to speak another language. Of course,... British often help him out, so that when he asks for... 'can of corn', they reply: " Oh, you mean... 'tin of sweet-corn'". " Yes, of course, " he says, eyes lowered in embarrassment. Well, you might say, whether you take... 'elevator' in New York or... 'lift' in London, or vice versa*, you can still get to... top floor of... building. Whether you fill your car with 'gas' or 'petrol' it runs just... same. What does it matter which word you use as long as your meaning is clear? Didn't Shakespeare himself say (even though he was English)... rose by any other name would smell as sweet? I reply that it does matter, that, if you are in London, you have to decide whether you're walking on... 'sidewalk' on your own or on... 'pavement' like everybody else. Such decisions have far-reaching consequences. You have to decide whether to maintain your own accent and vocabulary in... face of... way... British speak, or to abandon your own language,... words you learned at your mother's knees. Some Canadians completely collapse under... strain.... Canadian friend of mine, who became fed up with being mistaken for... American, feeling inferior to... British, and weighing up every word he spoke, decided to learn to speak with... British accent. He hoped that this would put... end to his confusion. With fanatical application, he excluded Americanisms from his speech and adopted... British accent and words. He learned to say " Sorry" for everything and to call... 'cookie'... 'biscuit'. But even he was defeated in... end. Once,
^ 7. Complete the sentences choosing the right word from the box.
1. 2. The government has produced a number of reports on violence on 3. Help yourself to... apples. 4. Is this your umbrella? - No, mine's the big black.... 6. If you haven't got enough money, I can lend you.... 7. They say his recent films are very successful, but I haven't seen... yet. 8. You've got an excellent secretary in your office. We've got... too, but... 9. Your garden is so nice! We've got... too, but... is very small.
10. If you are making a cup of coffee, could you make... for me? 11. " Look! Isn't that house beautiful! " " Which...? The tall...? " " No, the... 12. " Let's have a snack in a cafe today! " " Good idea! I know... round the 13. " We haven't got any milk." " OK! I'll buy... on the way home." 14. Have you read all the articles in today's paper? There're a few very 15. My friend isn't a lawyer. He is a businessman and a very successful.... 16. Have you read his recent publications yet?... are very interesting.
There are two cinemas nearby. This film is on in both of them. You can go to either cinema. Neither of the cinemas is too expensive. Use any / none / all for more than two things or people. There are a few cinemas nearby. This film is on in all of them. You can go to any of the cinemas. None of them is too expensive.
1. He was invited to a few parties last month, but he didn't go to... of them. Unit ten 2. 3. There were a lot of e-mails this morning but... of them were (was) 4.1 asked two people the way to the station but... of them could help me. 5.... of her parents is English. Her mother is Welsh and her father is 6. We tried to book a room in a few hotels but... of them had any rooms 7. We can meet on Tuesday or Thursday. Would... of these days be 8. I couldn't answer... of the questions they asked me. 9. We took a few photos but... of them were (was) any good. Rewrite these sentences using 'both... and', 'either... or', 'neither... nor'. 1. A Canadian is not a British English speaker. He is not an American 2. The library doesn't have the book I need. And the bookshop doesn't 3. A foreign learner of English should keep to British English. Or he should 4. Her husband doesn't speak English. Her children don't speak English 5. The word 'fall' is considered archaic in Britain. The past participle of 6. Is that girl's name Sally? Or is it Sophie? It's one of the two. That girl's 7. I haven't got the money to go on holiday. And I haven't got the time. 8. My daughter could read when she went to school. And she could write ^& Complete the text by choosing the correct words from the box. common, tolerance, originating, influenced, outsiders, referred to, ancient, frequently, evolved, features, mixture
Part 2
Even in the south east there are significantly different accents; the local inner east London accent called Cockney is strikingly different from RP and can be difficult for... to understand. There is a new form of accent called Estuary* English that has been gaining prominence in recent decades: it has some... of Received Pronunciation and some of Cockney. In London itself, the broad local accent is still changing, partly... by Caribbean speech. Londoners speak with a...of these accents, depending on class, age, upbringing, education and so on. 11. Write down as many questions to the text as you can, beginning with 'What...? ', 'What kind of...? ', 'When...? ', 'Where...? ', 'How many...? ', 'Why...? ' What is the most common form of English? . Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Past Simple or be going to). Read the text and discuss it in class. Internet - A New Medium** Do you know that although the basic applications and guidelines that make the Internet possible had existed for almost a decade, the network did not gain a public face until the 1990s? Since then the world... (change) immensely because of the Internet. And its arrival already... (give) some clear indications about the way in which languages... (be going) to be affected. The signs are that we... (face) a development whose consequences for English (and indeed for languages in general)... (be) profound. The Internet is a genuine new medium of linguistic comminucation, taking some of the properties of the two traditional mediums, speech and writing, synthesizing them in a new way, and adding further properties which... (be)
** Internet - A New Medium // Crystal D. The English Language. Penguin Books, 2002. Unit ten
E-mails... (be) also dialogic in character. Although there can be quite a lag before a reply... (be received), the language in which the reply often... (be written) is that of a face-to-face conversation. It... (be) this dialogic character which... (lead) some commentators to describe Internet communication as 'written speech'. But in our real conversations we not only... (pronounce) words. We... (pronounce) them with a definite intonation, stress, speed, rhythm and tone of voice. The limitaions of the keyboard... (enable) only some of the properties of spoken language to be expressed on the screen (punctuation marks, repeating letters, spacing or capitalization of letters, for example, can be used to stress the meaning of the word). But it... (be) impossible to communicate the other properties which... (add) so much meaning to face-to-face conversation - facial expressions and gestures. Remember the saying " It ain't* what you say, nor the way that you say it, but the way that you look when you say it? "... anything (be done) to compensate for this obvious defect of the Internet communication? Yes, here they are - 'smileys'! Write a composition answering the question " Will the Internet ever replace face-to-face communication? " Begin your composition with an introduction and finish it with a conclusion. Use the following words and expressions: to begin with / firstly / first of all secondly / hence / furthermore / moreover / in addition so / therefore / as a result in conclusion / on the whole / to sum up * Ain't употребляется в просторечии, в речи Cockney в значениях: 'am not', 'is not', 'are not', 'has not', 'have not'. Образованные люди употребляют эту форму, когда хотят придать высказываниям юмористический характер. Part 2
Дорогие коллеги! Да, коллеги. Я имел в виду то, что сказал. Пять лет назад я стал вашим преподавателем, а вы были моими первокурсниками. Все эти пять лет я старался научить вас всему, что я знаю сам об искусстве преподавать иностранные языки. Язык - одно из самых замечательных средств общения, которым располагает человечество. Маленькие дети учатся пользоваться своим родным языком сами, но по мере того, как они взрослеют, им становятся необходимы языки других народов, и вы научились обучать этим языкам. Во всяком случае, как я уже сказал, я старался рассказать вам о правилах, радостях и трудностях нашей профессии. Сегодня мне бы хотелось только напомнить вам кое о чем, что вы можете посчитать незаслуживающим разговора, потому что это само собой разумеется. Поэтому разрешите мне извиниться за то, что я попрошу вас внимательно выслушать. Во-первых, как бы хорошо вы ни знали язык, который собираетесь преподавать, вы не сможете сохранить этот уровень без дальнейших усилий его поддерживать. Либо вы продолжите приобретать знания, совершенствовать ваши навыки и делать успехи, либо вы начнете забывать то, чему научились, и терять навыки, которыми владеете, к тому же очень быстро! Я понимаю, что могу показаться старомодным, но позвольте мне заверить вас, что самым надежным способом сохранения вашего уровня является чтение. Ну, конечно же, нельзя отрицать того, что в наше время мы имеем массу других возможностей. Например, слушать радио или смотреть телевизор и учиться понимать любые варианты разговорного английского языка, особенно основные - британский и американский. И наконец, как бы хорошо вы ни знали учебники, которыми вы будете пользоваться в классе, никогда не идите на урок неподготовленными. Разрешите процитировать выдающегося российского преподавателя иностранных языков: «Урок - это тщательно подготовленная импровизация». В вашей преподавательской деятельности будут взлеты и падения. Не падайте духом в любой ситуации. Профессия, которую вы избрали, и творческая, и благодарная. Я желаю вам в ней всяческих успехов!
А ' -__________ _ abandon........................................ 190 absolutely...................................... 32 abundance................................... 142 acid............................................. 217 acquaintance................................ 217 acquire......................................... 142 admiration..................................... 32 admire.......................................... 32 adopt.......................................... .126 advantage..................................... 11 adventure...................................... 63 adventurer..................................... 63 adventurous................................... 63 affairs........................................... 99 aisle............................................. 212 alien.............................................. 11 allege............................................ 63 allegedly........................................ 63 amateurish........................... -...».... 99 amazing........................................ 114 antiquary...................................... 154 apology.....................>................. 190 appeal.......................................... 165 appreciate..................................... 32 approach....................................... 87 appropriate................................... 217 approval........................................ 47 archaic......................................... 253 archaism...................................... 244 argue............................................ 99 arise............................................. 47 as follows..................................... 154 assert............................................ 11 assertion.................i................... 11 assess......................................... 154 at a moment's notice....................... 47 attempt......................................... 63 attribute........................................ 216 avail............................................. 180 avocado...................„......„.......... 244 avoid.........»....„^...*.,.«.-«>............ 11 EX bachelor...................................... 31 baffle.......................................... 11 balcony...................................... 212 battered..................................... 142 bawdiness.................................. 202 be at war..................................... 75 be determined...............,..„......... 75 beknighted.................................. 99 be the brains behind................... 88 beam........................................... 231 bear.......................... -.................. 10 beard..............,.*........................ 28 behaviour.................................... 47 belong......................................... 31 beneath...................................... 202 bet............................................... 32 beyond....................................... 114 beware......................................... 28 billiard-marker........................... 217 birch........................................... 217 bleak.......................................... 217 blend.......................................... 202 blessed....................................... 154 bliss............................................ 154 bluntness.................................... 165 blur............................................. 180 board........................................... 142 boast.......................................... 154 booby-trap.................................. 11 boost.......................................... 165 bough.......................................... 28 boundary................................... 230 box............................................. 212 braid............................................ 165 brain............................................. 87 bristle.......................................... 32 brooch....................................... 165 buffalo....................................... 244 bull............................................... 32 bush............................................. 47 but............................................... 31 cafeteria..................................... 244 calf.............................................. 32 can't help.................................... 11 canoe......................................... 244 canyon........................................ 244 carbon dioxide................; *.-.4.-.-....126 cast............................................ 202 casting....................................... 202 cause.......................................... 217 cavern.......................................... 87 celebrity...................................... 99 cello............................................ 88 challenge.................................... 32 challenger................................... 32 challenging.................................. 32 chamber..................................... 99 charity........................................ 217 chart........................................... 165 chimneypiece............................ 217 circle.......................................... 217 circumnavigate.......................... 217 click............................................ 47 coconut...................................... 217 coin............................................. 99 colony......................................... 63 come true................................... 47 comment.................................... 32 common knowledge.................. 217 comprise..................................... 10 concern..................................... 126 concrete.................................... 231 conduct....................................... 47 confidence................................. 230 confine........................................ 99 consequence............................. 126 consistent................................... 11 contain........................................ 10 contemporary............................. 63 content....................................... 217 contribution................................ 217 controlling interest....................... 10 conviction................................... 32 cookie........................................ 244 cope........................................... 190 corn............................................. 75 correspond.................................. 31 correspondingly.......................... 31 corruption................................... 244 cough..............................;;...»..... 28 countenance.............................. 142 courage....................................... 32 coward....................................... 142 crucial........................................ 126 curtain........................................ 212 curve......................................... 165 curving....................................... 165 custom-fitted.............................. 179 dare............................................. 142 dart............................................ 165 dash............................................. 47 Vocabulary
declension................................... 11 decline....................................... 231 delightful..................................... 47 demand........................................ 32 demented.................................... 99 demolish.................................... 231 deny............................................ 142 depart........................................ 142 depletion.................................... 126 dept............................................. 28 deserted...................................... 63 desperate................................... 190 despite........................................ 75 destruction................................. 126 devastating................................ 230 development.............................. 230 device........................................ 230 devour........................................ 48 disease........................................ 75 disposition.................................. 217 distinctively................................ 244 distort......................................... 190 diver........................................... 217 diversion..................................... 32 divinely-gifted............................ 142 dizzy............................................ 142 domed....................................... 217 domiciled................................... 180 dominance.................................. 10 dough.......................................... 28 drag.............................................. 48 dramatically................................ 99 dreamy......................................... 32 drift apart.................................... 11 dub............................................ 202 due to......................................... 126 durable....................................... 231 E____________________________ edge........................................... 165 efficient...................................... 126 elaborate.................................... 165 elevator...................................... 230 eliminate.................................... 126 emerge....................................... 10 emergence................................. 10 emission..................................... 114 emit............................................ 114 emphasise.................................. 31 emphatically............................... 31 enable......................................... 75 encore........................................ 165 endeavour.................................. 244 endow........................................ 190 enhance..................................... 180 enigma........................................ 99 enigmatic.................................... 99 ensure......................................... 126 entertain...................................... 10 entertainment............................. 10 entirely....................................... 143 entitle......................................... 180 escape........................................ 48 evidence..................................... 63 exaggerate................................. 99 exaggeration............................... 99 exceed........................................ 99 exhaust....................................... 87 exhausted................................... 87 expand......................................... 10 expansion................................... 10 expenditure................................ 126 explore........................................ 75 explorer....................................... 75 exquisite..................................... 154 extraordinarily............................. 47 extraordinary.............................. 47 F____________________________ fabric.......................................... 165 fabulous..................................... 165 fail............................................... 63 failure.......................................... 63 fake............................................ 165 fancy.......................................... 217 fascinate..................................... 99 fascination.................................. 99 fastening.................................... 165 fault............................................ 142 faultless...................................... 142 feature....................................... 244 ferocity........................................ 47 fit................................................ 179 fitter............................................ 179 flavour........................................ 202 floppy......................................... 165 folly............................................ 142 footlights.................................... 212 fortnight...................................... 217 fossil........................................... 126 frenzy.......................................... 99 friendly........................................ 63 fuel............................................. 126 furthermore................................ 253 fuss............................................. 87 galaxy......................................... 114 gallery........................................ 212 garment..................................... 180 gasp............................................. 47 gaze............................................ 142 gender......................................... 11 generation.................................. 126 generous..................................... 11 genre............................................ 99 give in......................................... 75 glamour...................................... 176 glamourous................................ 176 gleam.......................................... 47 go down in history as.................. 63 godsend...................................... 11 goodness.................................... 32 grease.......................................... 87 greenhouse................................ 114 greenhouse effect..................... 114 grid............................................. 231 grief............................................. 99 grin.............................................. 47 grocer........................................ 142 groceries.................................... 142 gruelling..................................... 202 guttersnipe................................. 202 habitability.................................. 114 halt............................................. 231 hammock.................................. 244 handful....................................... 165 hash............................................ 142 haunt.......................................... 143 hence.......................................... 253 hiccough..................................... 28 holy.............................................. 63 hum............................................. 47 |__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ■ illustrious.................................... 154 immense..................................... 32 impact........................................ 114 imply........................................... 10 imposing.................................... 217 improper..................................... 48 in accordance with.................... 154 in charge of................................ 88 in favour..................................... 47 in remembrance......................... 75 in spite of.................................... 75 incidentally.................................. 87 incomparable.............................. 11 inconsistency.............................. 11 ineradicable............................... 166 inevitable..................................... 31 inflect.......................................... 11 inflection..................................... 11 ingenious................................... 154 inhabit........................................ 114 inherit.......................................... 99 initiate........................................ 176 innovation.................................. 253 insane.......................................... 142 Vocabulary
integral........................................ 11 intimately................................... 217 i ntrude......................................... 143 intrusion..................................... 143 irascible..................................... 202 irresistible................................... 190 J
К____________________________ keep up...................................... 190 knight.......................................... 99 knock about............................... 244 L____________________________ landscape.................................. 244 latter............................................ 10 laughing stock........................... 190 launch......................................... 166 layer........................................... 126 leaps and bounds........................ 47 leather......................................... 87 leave sb alone............................. 48 legitimate...........................,;...,... 11 liberally...................................... 244 line-up......................................... 87 lingua franca............................... 11 liquidate...................................... 75 longevity.................................... 165 loosely....................................... 180 M _____________ ■ ; .:..■ ' '-.', - mackintosh............................... 253 mainland....................................... 63 maize........................................... 75 major......................................... 114 make for.................................... 114 mangle....................................... 142 mar............................................. 154 marble....................................... 142 masonry.................................... 230 matinee...................................... 212 meddle....................................... 142 medieval...................................... 176 melt............................................ 114 mercifully.................................... 11 misleading.................................. 11 missionary................................. 217 monk.......................................... 75 monotonous................................ 31 morsel.......................................... 48 moth............................................. 28 motley........................................ 217 mould......................................... 154 mud............................................. 47 murder........................................ 99 mustang..................................... 244 myrtle......................................... 47 mysterious.................................. 87 mystery...................................... 87 N_____________ naive........................................... 253 namely........................................ 126 nightmare.................................. 142 novelty........................................ 47 numerical.................................... 10 Q____________________________ obdurate.................................... 142 obedience................................... 47 objection.................................... 217 oboe............................................ 88 observe....................................... 48 obsess....................................... 217 obsessed.................................... 217 obviously.................................... 244 on the verge of.......................... 190 one-of-a-kind............................. 180 opulence.................................... 165 orchestra pit............................... 212 origin........................................... 87 original........................................ 87 otherwise................................... 142 out loud....................................... 31 outpouring................................... 99 outspoken.................................. 217 overwhelmingly......................... 165 P____________________________:, ,;: ■ -. pants.......................................... 253 paradise..................................... 114 party............................................ 31 pass............................................ 142 patch........................................... 47 pave the way............................. 230 peak............................................. 10 pear............................................. 28 peasant...................................... 176 percent...................................... 116 perception.................................. 180 permanent.................................. 75 permanently............................... 75 permit......................................... 47 persecute.................................... 75 persist......................................... 32 phenomenon.............................. 99 phonetician................................ 253 pictorially................................... 167 pin................................................ 47 pinafore....................................... 47 playwright.................................. 190 pleated....................................... 165 plummet..................................... 230 porcelain.................................... 217 portfolio...................................... 180 possess....................................... 88 predecessor................................ 75 predict........................................ 114 prejudice.................................... 142 premiere.................................... 212 preserve.................................... 244 prestige...................................... 180 pret-a-porter.............................. 180 prevent...................................... 114 previous...................................... 63 priest........................................... 75 production.................................. 212 profit............................................ 75 profound.................................... 154 promotional................................ 231 prompt........................................ 99 promptly..................................... 47 proper......................................... 48 property..................................... 114 protest......................................... 75 proverb....................................... 11 proverbial.................................... 11 prowl............................................ 47 pseudonym................................. 31 public relations (PR)................... 11 publicity..................................... 165 punctuality.................................. 47 purchase.................................... 154 put up with.................................. 87 Q quilted........................................ 165 • quit.............................................. 165 quote........................................... 47 raccoon..................................... 244 rack............................................ 190 rack one's brain(s).................... 190 raise............................................ 142 range............................................ 10 rapid............................................. 11 rapidly......................................... 11 rate.............................................. 11 ravishing...................................... 154 ready-made............................... 180 ready-to-wear............................ 180 realm........................................... 244 recite........................................... 32 recognition................................. 231 recommence.............................. 32 recruit......................................... 75 reduce....................................... 114 refer........................................... 126 Vocabulary
refined......................................... 88 reflective.................................... 190 reign............................................. 63 release.......................................... 99 reluctant...................................... 31 reluctantly................................... 31 rely.............................................. 11 remake........................................ 202 remuneration............................. 154 render........................................ 244 renewable.................................. 126 renowned................................... 244 rescue.......................................... 32 rescuer....................................... 32 resident...................................... 154 resolute....................................... 32 responsibly................................ 126 restless...................................... 216 restore....................................... 143 restored..................................... 143 restrict........................................ 114 retort........................................... 11 revengeful................................. 190 revert......................................... 190 revive.......................................... 165 ridicule....................................... 190 rodeo.......................................... 244 roving......................................... 217 row............................................. 212 rule............................................... 63 rumour....................................... 165 S____________________________ satisfaction.................... .......,,.., 143 satisfactorily............................... 143 satisfy........................................ 143 save............................................. 63 Saviour, The.................................. 63 scarecrow.................................. 142 scent.......................................... 165 scope.......................................... 99 seabed....................................... 217 seamstress................................ 180 seed corn.................................... 75 seek........................................... 217 seize............................................ 126 separate..................................... 126 severe......................................... 114 sew............................................. 179 sewing........................................ 179 shaft........................................... 230 sheep.......................................... 31 shelled........................................ 165 short-lived.................................. 253 show off..................................... 230 shrubbery.................................... 47 simplify...................................... 114 sink............................................. 47 slave............................................. 75 slavery........................................ 75 smack......................................... 31 smart......................................... 165 smash......................................... 142 smashing................................... 190 soil.............................................. 154 sophisticated............................... 99 specific....................................... 63 spontaneous.............................. 202 stabilize...................................... 114 stage.......................................... 212 stain........................................... 165 stalls........................................... 212 stampede................................... 244 star............................................. 190 starvation.................................... 75 starve.......................................... 75 steal............................................ 47 steam-operated......................... 230 stiff.............................................. 11 stir............................................... 11 strain.......................................... 230 strand......................................... 217 stratosphere............................... 126 stuffy........................................... 31 sublimely.................................... 154 submit........................................ 142 subsidiary.................................... 88 subtle.......................................... 99 succeed...................................... 75 suite............................................ 28 suite of rooms............................ 143 supervise.................................... 99 supplies....................................... 63 suppress..................................... 47 surpass...................................... 231 survive.......................................... 75 swear......................................... 142 T tailor........................................... 180 tailoring...................................... 180 technique................................... 230 tenacious................................... 216 tenant.......................................... 99 tenderly...................................... 143 therefore.................................... 253 thorough...................................... 28 threat.......................................... 114 throughout................................... 99 tight............................................. 87 tiresome..................................... 217 toe.............................................. 142 tortoise....................................... 165 tough........................................... 28 trace........................................... 165 tranquilly.................................... 142 transfer...................................... 154 treasure...................................... 154 tremble........................................ 47 trifle............................................ 154 trimmed..................................... 165 triumph........................................ 48 troposphere................................ 126 turn out........................................ 62 tweed......................................... 165 U....; : , ■., ■... ultimately................................... 176 unanimously.............................. 154 unbearable.................................. 10 undermine.................................. 48 underwear................................. 253 unequalled.................................. 11 uninflected.................................. 11 unintelligible............................... 190 universe....................................... 114 untamed.................................... 244 urge............................................ 216 utterly.......................................... 32 vanish........................................... 47 varied.......................................... 99 vastness..................................... 217 verge.......................................... 190 versatile..................................... 231 vest............................................ 253 vexatious................................... 216 Viking........................................... 63 vile.............................................. 217 villain.......................................... 143 violence...................................... 202 virgin........................................... 63 vivid............................................. 165 W ■ ■ --■ '■ ■ • ■ ■ '■
warehouse................................. 230 wealth.......................................... 75 Wellingtons................................... 253 widespread.................................. 99 wit.............................................. 190 with good grace......................... 216 witness....................................... 217 wretch........................................ 142 youngsters.................................. 99 KEYS
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