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Climate
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Vocabulary
in various parts – у різноманітних частинах
to be caused by many factors – бути спричиненим багатьма факторами
latitude - широта
altitude – висота над рівнем моря
relief - рельєф
proximity to - близькість до
moderate - помірний
moderately continental – помірно-континентальний
subtropical – субтропічний
rather mild – досить м’який
in the southern coast – на південному узбережжі
the Crimean Peninsula – Кримський півострів
to protect from the bitter winds - захищати від різких вітрів
along the coast – вздовж узбережжя
on the coastline – на морському узбережжі
snowfall - снігопад
rainfall – дощ, кількість опадів
average temperature – середня температура
to vary between – відрізнятися між
the lowest (highest) recorded temperature – найнижча (найвища) зареєстрована температура
changeable weather – змінна погода
to get plenty of sunshine and warmth – одержувати багато сонця та тепла
to mention - згадувати
Exercise 1. Look at the symbols and say what kind of weather is shown.
| showers; windy; sunny and cloudy; thunderstorm; a blizzard; sunny; cloudy; mainly cloudy; cloudy and rainy; hail; snowy; overcast |
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text. *Make the short annotation of the text:
The Climate of Ukraine
The climate of Ukraine depends greatly on its geographical position. As Ukraine is a large country, its climate is different in various parts of it. The climate is caused by many factors: the latitude, altitude, relief and proximity to seas. In general, the country’s climate is moderately continental. It is subtropical only in the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. The Carpathian and the Crimean Mountains protect the country from the bitter winds. The climate along the coasts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov is much warmer than the climate of the rest of the country. Warm waters of the Black Sea make the climate of the region very mild. Summer is hot here and winter is mild. Spring comes earlier to these parts of the country.
Winters in Ukraine are rather mild with snowfalls. It snows everywhere except the south. The rivers and lakes freeze in winter. The average winter temperature varies between -20º C in the north to -3º C...-5º C in the south. January is the coldest month of the year. The lowest recorded temperature was -42º C. At the end of winter the ice melts and spring comes.
Spring comes earlier to the south and to the west of the country. Early spring has very changeable weather. But late spring is usually very warm and sunny, sometimes it rains. Everything is green, there are a lot of flowers of many colours, the trees bloom and blossom.
Summers are rather hot and dry. The warmest month is July with the highest recorded temperature of 40º C. The western part of the country gets the most of the rains and showers. The climate of the eastern part is much drier and hotter.
In the central part of the country the climate is moderate and continental. In summer the weather is usually warm, sometimes hot. The average temperature is 25-30 degrees.
Early autumn is usually warm and sunny, but then it gets cooler. The trees change their colour from green to yellow, red and brown. The leaves fall down and the trees get bare. The sky is overcast. It is rainy and cool. The rain becomes sleet and it snows.
The highest rainfall is in the western part of Ukraine, in the Carpathians. This is the wettest place in Ukraine. The rains are few on the coastline of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The climate of Ukraine is very good for the agriculture. Rich black soil is well watered in spring and autumn and gets plenty of sunshine and warmth in summer.
While speaking about the climate people usually mention weather. The Ukrainian weather is not as changeable as the English one. So, our climate is rather mild and moderate.
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the climate of Ukraine?
2. What does the climate of Ukraine depend on?
3. What protects Ukraine from the bitter winds?
4. Why has the climate of Ukraine become milder and warmer recently?
5. What can you tell about winter / spring / summer / autumn in Ukraine?
6. What do people usually mention while speaking about the climate?
Exercise 4. Read and translate the text. Compare the main features of the Ukrainian and British climate in two sentences:
The climate of Great Britain
The climate of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is damp and mild. Winter is not very cold and summer is not very hot. Western winds from the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain. They bring a lot of rain to the island. The sea keeps the island warm in winter and it makes the air cool in summer. So, winter is warmer and summer is cooler in the U.K. than in the most European countries.
As a rule, there is no ice on the lakes and rivers in winter. Snow never lies on the ground for a long time. The climate of the south of England is milder than the climate of Scotland. The Highlands of Scotland is the coldest part of the country.
When there are 8 degrees of frost in England, the English say, that it is freezing hard. It is so, because British damp climate makes them feel the cold more.
The weather changes very often in Great Britain. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. British people say: “Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather.”All parts of Great Britain get a lot of rain in all seasons.
Spring is the driest season in the U.K. Cold, dry winds blow in spring. It is usually not very hot in summer. There is often a cool breeze from the south-west. But the temperature may rise to 32 degrees in the shade. Some crops and vegetables grow there.
There is a thick fog in autumn or in winter. Thanks to mild climate there are a lot of evergreen trees in Great Britain. The country is always green. Grass grow all the year round. The weather is too cold for birds in winter. They fly away to warm countries.
Vocabulary to the text:
damp - вологий
to influence the climate – впливати на клімат
to bring a lot of rain – приносити багато дощу
to freeze hard – сильно морозити
to feel the cold more – більше відчувати холод
in the shade – у тіні
evergreen trees – вічнозелені дерева
Exercise 5. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the climate of Great Britain?
2.What winds influence the climate of Great Britain?
3. What do they bring to the island?
4. What keeps the island warm in winter?
5. What is the difference between the climate of England and Scotland?
6. What grows in Great Britain?
7. Why do the birds fly away to warm countries?
Exercise 6. Decide which of the following statements are false and which are true:
1. The climate is caused only by the proximity to seas.
2. Spring comes earlier to the north and to the west of Ukraine.
3. The highest rainfall is in the Carpathians.
4. All parts of Great Britain get a lot of rain in all seasons.
5. There is a thick fog in autumn or in winter in Ukraine.
6. Ukraine is always green.
7. The weather doesn’t change very often in Great Britain.
8. There is always ice on the lakes and rivers in winter.
Exercise 7. Match two parts of the sentences:
1. Summers are rather hot a) as changeable as the English one.
2. There are a lot of evergreen b) temperature was -42º C in Ukraine.
3. The Ukrainian weather is not c) sleet and it snows.
4. The climate of the eastern part d) for birds in winter.
5. Other countries have a climate, e) and dry in Ukraine.
6. The weather is too cold f) in England they have weather.
7. The rain becomes g) of Ukraine is much drier and hotter.
8. The lowest recorded h) trees in Great Britain.
Exercise 8. Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
| rainfall / highlands / weather / evergreen /winds / geographical /damp / changeable /agriculture / subtropical / coastline / moderately / driest / mild / rain / influence/ |
1. The climate of Ukraine depends greatly on its ... position.
2. The Carpathian and the Crimean Mountains protect the country from the bitter....
3. The climate of Ukraine is... continental.
4. It is... only in the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula.
5. Winters in Ukraine are rather... with snowfalls.
6. Early spring has very... weather in Ukraine.
7. The highest... is in the Carpathians.
8. The rains are few on the... of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
9. The climate of Ukraine is very good for the....
10. The climate of the UK is... and mild.
11. Western winds from the Atlantic Ocean... the climate of Great Britain.
12. The... of Scotland is the coldest part of the country.
13. The... changes very often in Great Britain.
14. All parts of Great Britain get a lot of... in all seasons.
15. Spring is the... season in the U.K.
16. Thanks to mild climate there are a lot of.... trees in Great Britain.
*Exercise 9. Look at the weather map for Ukraine and fill in the gaps of a dialogue. **Then act out similar dialogues about other regions of Ukraine.
A: Have you listened to the weather forecast this morning?
B:...
A: What is the weather in... today?
B: It’s...
A: We didn’t have this kind of weather in autumn a few years ago.
*Exercise 10. Look at the weather map. Say what kind of weather is expected around the UK this weekend.
*Exercise 11. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
1. Where does the weather come from?
2. What does the word ‘climate’ mean?
3. What type of climate do they have in the UK / do we have in Ukraine?
4. How does the climate in the UK / in Ukraine differ in different parts of the country?
5. Why is the climate very changeable in the UK?
**Exercise 12. a) You are going to read the article about climate changes in the UK. Look through the text and try to understand the meanings of the underlined words from the context. Consult the dictionary if necessary.
threaten * a flood * a drought * densely * to boast * to warn * to expose *
to wash out * a breeding site * a restoration * incorporating * to soak up * to reduce
b) Read the article about the influence of climate changes on the envi ronment. Match the sentence beginnings (1-6) to the endings (A-G) so they express the main ideas in the text. There’s one ending that you don’t need.
l. “Urban greening” schemes include...
2. A global increase in temperature...
3. London boasts a wide diversity of habitats that...
4. Climate change is going to...
5. The best way to combat the increase in temperature is...
6. Global warming will threaten...
A... could expose London’s wetland areas to drought and fire in the summer months.
B... are hugely important to the wildlife that depends on them.
C... river restoration, incorporating grass roofs and walls into building designs and increasing the number of trees planted in the capital.
D... rare species of animals and plants.
E... by adopting “urban greening” schemes.
F... affect us all - both Londoners and the city’s wildlife.
G... London’s wildlife habitats.
Changing weather: a torrential downpour over the Houses of Parliament
in July, 2013
Climate change ‘threatens uk capital’s wildlife with floods and drought’
Monday, 5 October, 20__
A __ Global warming will threaten London's wildlife habitats by increasing the risk of flooding in the winter and drought in the summer. Despite being one of the world’s largest and most densely populated cities, the capital boasts a wide diversity of habitats that are hugely important to the wildlife that depends on them.
B __ The report by the London Climate Change Partnership warned that a global increase in temperature could expose London’s wetland areas to drought and fire in summer months. Warmer, wetter winters could also increase pressure on rivers, which in turn could flood and wash out important nesting and breeding sites.
C __ The report suggests the best way to combat the increase in temperature is by adopting “urban greening” schemes.
D __ These would include river restoration, incorporating grass roofs and walls into building designs and increasing the number of trees planted in the capital.
E __ Alison Barnes, from the government, said, “Climate change is going to affect us all - both Londoners and the city’s wildlife. We know that more habitats will increase the chances of many species being able to cope with the peaks of heat, drought and flood. However, there is also growing evidence that greening London can protect people too, by helping to keep the city cool and by soaking up storm water, thus reducing the incidence of flooding.”
Source: www.guardian.co.uk