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Part 1 Central Processing Unit
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Word list:
| central processing unit (CPU) - центральний процесор (ЦП) interchangeably – взаємозамінна, рівнозначно precisely — точно activity - діяльність; робота; дії операції to issue - посилати (сигнал); виводити, видавати (повідомлення) response – відповідь, відгук; реакція; відповідати, реагувати to interpret - інтерпретувати; тлумачити according to - згідно; у відповідності з level - рівень; ступінь; міра; вирівнювати input-output port - порт введення-виведення | control unit (CU) – пристрій управління arithmetic-logical unit (ALU) - арифметично-логічний пристрій switch - перемикач; комутатор; перемикати; переходити direct - направляти; адресувати; показувати; прямий; безпосередній step-by-step operations - покрокові операції to select- вибирати; виділяти (на екрані) exponentiation – піднесення до степеня to call for — вимагати to load — завантажувати; виконувати завантаження |
Read the text and say what component makes up the heart of the computer system, what its function is.
It is well known in computer science that the words ‘computer’ and ‘processor’ are used interchangeably. Speaking more precisely, ‘computer’ refers to the central processing unit (CPU) together with an internal memory. The internal memory, control and processing components make up the heart of the computer system. Manufactures design the CPU to control and carry out basic instructions for their particular computer.
The CPU coordinates all the activities of the various components of the computer. It determines which operations should be carried out and in what order. The CPU controls the operation of the entire system by issuing commands to other parts of the system and by acting on responses. When required it reads information from the memory, interprets instructions, performs operations on the data according to the instructions, writes the results back into the memory and moves information between memory levels or through the input-output ports.
In digital computers the CPU can be divided into two functional units called the control unit (CU) and the arithmetic-logical unit (ALU). These two units are made up of electronic circuits with millions of switches that can be in one of two states, either on or off.
The function of the CU within the central processor is to transmit coordinating control signals and commands. The control unit is that part of the computer that directs the sequence of step-by-step operations of the system, selects instructions and data from memory, interprets the program instructions, and controls the flow between main storage and the arithmetic-logical unit.
The ALU, on the other hand, is that part of the computer in which the actual arithmetic operations, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation, called for in the instructions are performed.
Programs and the data, on which the CU and the ALU operate, must be in internal memory in order to be processed. Thus, if located in secondary memory devices, such as disks or tapes, programs and data are first loaded into internal memory.
Exercises to the subject: