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Text 3.2 Chromosomes
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■ Essential targets:
By the end of this text you should be able to
● explain how DNA is folded in a chromosome
● describe the structure and function of centromeres
● discuss the role of telomeres.
Pre-reading
With your partner, consider the following questions before looking at the text. Then quickly scan the text to see if you were right.
1. What do you know about chromosomes?
2. What is mitosis?
3. What is meosis?
4. What kind of molecules are called histones?
Exercise A. Match the words with their definitions:
| 1. | artificial | A. | the act of separating something into different parts |
| 2. | gene | B. | physical harm caused to something or someone |
| 3. | visible | C. | not made of natural materials or substances |
| 4. | division | D. | a series of related events, actions etc. which have a fixed order |
| 5. | damage | E. | something that can be seen |
| 6. | sequence | F. | the measurement of something from one end to the other |
| 7. | to attach | G. | to be able to recognize and understand the difference between two similar things or people |
| 8. | to distinguish | H. | when a battery takes in and stores electricity |
| 9. | to fold | I. | to connect one thing to another |
| 10. | to charge | J. | to wind or fold cloth, paper around something |
| 11. | length | K. | to make something smaller, to bend a piece of paper by laying or pressing one part over another |
| 12. | to wrap | L. | a small part of the material inside the nucleus of a cell, that controls the development of the qualities that have been passed on to a living thing from its parents |
■ Read the given text and make your essential assignments: