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FACE-WORK






One answer to this is the theory of FACE-WORK (THIS IS IN YOUR BOOK). The linguist Erving Goffman, first discussed this theory and it has remained popular.

 

“Face” in this theory means something like self-respect or dignity.

 

The idea behind this theory is that in any social interaction we have the potential either to lose face or to save face. Our face is a very fragile thing that others can easily damage, so we lead our lives according to the “golden rule” (do unto others as you would have done unto you.) by respecting and looking after other people’s face in the hopes that they will do the same to us.

 

ASK STUDENTS: Think about how you would feel if someone insulted you. Now think about how you would feel if they insulted you in public, in front of all your friends. That is losing face.

 

Face is something that other people give us, which is why we have to be so careful to give it to them.

 

Before we go any further, I want to define two key concepts: POWER AND SOLIDARITY

Power: Power is not easy to define. In most cases it is the ability to influence or control what people do or think, or the ability to achieve something or make something happen—for yourself or someone else. In social interactions, power can be equal or it can be unequal. A father usually has more power than his son. A boss has more power than an

employee, etc.

PAUSE

You have the power to do and say what you want according to the norms of your society and your status within that society.

 

Solidarity: Not surprisingly solidarity is also difficult to define, but it at its essence it concerns the social distance between people—that is how much experience people have shared; how many social interactions people have had; how many social characteristics people share (for example a shared religion, social class, sex, age, region of origin, race, occupation, interest etc); and how close to each other people are willing to get. The best way to think about this, in my mind is to view it simply as a “we are in this together, ” relationship.

Now using these terms, power and solidarity, face can be divided into two MAIN types each main type of face requiring a particular kind of politeness:


Solidarity-face and Solidarity-politeness:

Solidarity face is the kind of respect we show someone for who they are. We give them social approval and acceptance of their values and behavior.

We can say it more clearly as: I respect you for…

In showing solidarity-politeness we use intimate forms of address such as, mate, love, darling, etc.

 

Power-face and Power politeness:

Power-face shows respect for the person’s right to do and be as they are. We give them the go ahead to do what they want to do.

We can say it more clearly as: I respect your right to…

In showing power-politeness we use forms of speech such as, Mr., Mrs, please, sir, etc.

 

We need to save our face by saving the face of everyone we talk to so we need to manage our behavior, both verbally and non-verbally, very carefully.

 

This does not mean that our speech will be the same the world over, even if we ignore differences in vocabulary and grammar.

 

Each society recognizes its own norms for saving face, so our face-work consists in recognizing these norms and applying them effectively.

 


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