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Interpolation. 1 7 ⇒
NUMERICAL METHODS (Summary of Lectures)
V. N. Pavlysh
dep. of numerical mathematics and programming
(For the students of English Engineering Faculty)
Donetsk 2006
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2006
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2006
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2006
Interpolation. Problem: Let we have a function y = f (x), given by the table:
The given value is x0 < x < xn, x ¹ xi, i=0, 1, , n; how to obtain y = f(x), when formula f(x) is unknown? The method of solution of this problem is: to create some known function F(x), which represents our given function f(x) such as: 1) F(xi) = f(xi), i = 0, 1, , n; 2) | F(x) f(x) | min, x0 £ x £ xn. The most convenient form of F(x) is polynomial. Lagrange suggested one of possible ways. The idea of Lagrange: 1. To create the system of fundamental polynomials, which response to condition:
2. To construct interpolation polynomial in the form:
The fundamental polynomial may be constructed as:
The first condition is responded. The second condition is:
Qi(n)(xk) = 1, i = k, i.e. Qi(n)(xi) = 1 g(xix0)(xi x1)(xi xi1)(xi xi+1)(xi xn) = 1 g =
Then:
Qi(n)(x) =
Lagranges interpolation polynomial:
L(x) =
The compact form of the Lagranges polynomial. Let us consider P(x) = (xx0)(xx1)(xx2)(xxn). Then (xx0)(xx1)(xxi1)(xxi+1)(xxn) = Let us consider P¢ (x):
P¢ (x) = (xx1)(xx2)(xxn)+(xx0)(xx2)(xxn)++(xx0)(xx1)(xxi1)(x xi+1)(xxn)++ (xx0)(xx1)(xxn1).
Then (xix0)(xi x1)(xi xi1)(xi xi+1)(xi xn) = P¢ (xi). So, the Lagranges polynomial can be written: L(x) = P(x)
Interpolation for proportional tables. x1x0 = x2x1 == xnxn1 = h = const, where h is a step of a table.
Substitution: x = x0+ht; t=0 Þ x = x0 xi = x0+ih t = P(x) = (xx0)(xx1)(xx2)(xxn); xx0 = ht; xxi = x0+ht(x0+ih) = h(ti); xkxi = x0+kh(x0+ih) = h(ki); P(x0+ht) = ht× h(t1)× × h(t(n1))× h(tn) = hn+1× t(t1)(t2)× × (tn+1)(tn); P*(t) = t(t1)(t2)(tn+1)(tn); P(x) = P(x0+ht) = hn+1P*(t); P¢ (xk) = (xkx0)(xkx1)(xkxk1)(xkxk+1)(xkxn); P¢ (xk) = h(k0)× h(k1)× × h× 1× h(1)h(2)× × h((nk)) = hn× 1× 2× × k(1)(2)× ´ ´ ((nk)) = hn× (1)nkk! (nk)!; L(x) = L(x0+ht) = hn+1P*(t) Lagranges polynomial for proportional tables:
L(x0+ht) = P*(t)
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