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Interpolation.






NUMERICAL METHODS

(Summary of Lectures)

 

 

V. N. Pavlysh

 

dep. of numerical mathematics and programming

 

 

(For the students of English Engineering Faculty)

 

Donetsk 2006

 

 

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Interpolation.

Problem:

Let we have a function y = f (x), given by the table:

 

x0 x1 x2 x3 xn-1 xn n+1 points
y0 y1 y2 y3 yn-1 yn  

 

The given value is x0 < x < xn, x ¹ xi, i=0, 1, , n; how to obtain y = f(x), when formula f(x) is unknown?

The method of solution of this problem is: to create some known function F(x), which represents our given function f(x) such as:

1) F(xi) = f(xi), i = 0, 1, , n;

2) | F(x) f(x) | min, x0 £ x £ xn.

The most convenient form of F(x) is polynomial.

Lagrange suggested one of possible ways.

The idea of Lagrange:

1. To create the system of fundamental polynomials, which response to condition:

 

2. To construct interpolation polynomial in the form:

 

 

The fundamental polynomial may be constructed as:

 

 

The first condition is responded.

The second condition is:

 

Qi(n)(xk) = 1, i = k, i.e. Qi(n)(xi) = 1

g(xix0)(xi x1)(xi xi1)(xi xi+1)(xi xn) = 1

g =

 

 

Then:

 

Qi(n)(x) =

 

Lagranges interpolation polynomial:

 

L(x) =

 

The compact form of the Lagranges polynomial.

Let us consider P(x) = (xx0)(xx1)(xx2)(xxn).

Then (xx0)(xx1)(xxi1)(xxi+1)(xxn) = .

Let us consider P¢ (x):

 

P¢ (x) = (xx1)(xx2)(xxn)+(xx0)(xx2)(xxn)++(xx0)(xx1)(xxi1)(x

xi+1)(xxn)++ (xx0)(xx1)(xxn1).

 

Then (xix0)(xi x1)(xi xi1)(xi xi+1)(xi xn) = P¢ (xi).

So, the Lagranges polynomial can be written:

L(x) = P(x) .

 

Interpolation for proportional tables.

x1x0 = x2x1 == xnxn1 = h = const, where h is a step of a table.

 

Substitution: x = x0+ht;

t=0 Þ x = x0

xi = x0+ih

t = .

P(x) = (xx0)(xx1)(xx2)(xxn);

xx0 = ht; xxi = x0+ht(x0+ih) = h(ti);

xkxi = x0+kh(x0+ih) = h(ki);

P(x0+ht) = ht× h(t1)× × h(t(n1))× h(tn) = hn+1× t(t1)(t2)× × (tn+1)(tn);

P*(t) = t(t1)(t2)(tn+1)(tn);

P(x) = P(x0+ht) = hn+1P*(t);

P¢ (xk) = (xkx0)(xkx1)(xkxk1)(xkxk+1)(xkxn);

P¢ (xk) = h(k0)× h(k1)× × h× 1× h(1)h(2)× × h((nk)) = hn× 1× 2× × k(1)(2)× ´

´ ((nk)) = hn× (1)nkk! (nk)!;

L(x) = L(x0+ht) = hn+1P*(t) ;

Lagranges polynomial for proportional tables:

 

L(x0+ht) = P*(t)

 


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