Washington, D. C

Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is situated in the District

of Columbia and is like no other city of the USA. It's the world's largest one-

industry city. And that industry is government. The White House, where the US President

lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress, and the Supreme Court,

are all in Washington. v

Washington was named after the first US President George Washington. He selected the place for the capital and Pierre L’Enfant, a French engineer, designed the city.

Washington was first settled in 1790 and since 1800 it has been the Federal capital.

Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the United States. In the very centre of it rises the huge dome of the Capitol — a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation's affairs. It's easy to get lost in this huge building, full of paintings and statues.

Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress, the largest library in the States. It contains more than 13 million books, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US presidents.

The White House is the official residence of the US President. He works in the Oval Office.

One can hardly find a park, a square or an open area in Washington without a monument or a memorial. The most impressive and the best-known ones are the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.

There are some important museums in Washington where you can see all kinds of things: famous paintings and sculptures, the dresses of Presidents' wives, the original of the Declaration of Independence, the largest blue diamond in the world, etc.

There are 5 universities in Washington.

There are no skyscrapers in Washington, because they would hide the city's many monuments from view. No building in the city may be more than 40 metres tall.

Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day. People from all parts of the United States come to see their capital.

VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Прочитайте 10-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

Why aren’t there any skyscrapers in Washington?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

Вариант 9.(Moscow)

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - S - и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The St.Basil’s Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) is a masterpiece of ancient Russian architecture.

2. There are over 80 higher educational institutions.

3. Moscow lies on two banks of the Moscow river.

.

II.Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным

1. One of the largest museums is the State Tretyakov Gallery.

2. Komsomolskaya- is the three rail-way stations square.

3. Drama theatres and studios are very popular.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык:

1. Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe.

2. Gradually, the city became more and more powerful.

3. The earlier we get up, the more we can do.

IV. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений:

1. It has more historic associations than any other place in Moscow.

2. You must ask somebody to help you in this work.

3. I had nothing to tell them.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив и переведите на русский язык:

1. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow’s history.

2. In the 16th century Moscow became the capital of the new united state.

3. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (Duma).

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы

MOSCOW

Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow's history. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state. Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg in 1712. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again.

Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometres (ancient Moscow occupied the territory of the present-day Kremlin). The population of the city is over 8 million.

Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It has more historic associations than any other place in Moscow. The Kremlin and St Basil's Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace of Congresses, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St Basil's Cathedral was built in the mid-16th century in memory of the victory over Kazan.

There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others.

Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.

Moscow is a city of students. There are over 80 higher educational institutions in it, including several universities.

Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the centre of political life of the country.

VII Письменно ответьте на вопрос:

What is your favorite place in Moscow?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

Вариант 10 (Minsk)

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - S - и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Minsk occupies an area of 200 square kilometers.

2. The cultural life of Belarus’s capital is varied and interesting.

3. The citizens of Minsk are proud of their city.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным:

1. It is also a big traffic centre.

2. There is a number of concert halls in Minsk.

3. One of the famous ones is the Yanka Kupala State Academic Theatre.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык:

1. Minsk is one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in the republic.

2. Health is better than wealth.

3. The longer is the night, the shorter is the day.

IV. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений

1. The city is beautiful at any time of the year.

2. In Minsk there are some dozens of cinemas.

3. I know nothing about the history of the city.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив и переведите на русский язык:

1. The city of Minsk came into existence more than 900 years ago.

2. The city derives its name from the word < mena >

3. It has developed into an industrial centre.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 4, 5, 6 и 7-й абзацы.

MINSK

Minsk is the capital of the Republic of Belarus, its political, economic, scientific and cultural centre. It is one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in our republic.

Minsk is situated on the river Svisloch and occupies an area of 200 square kilometres. Its population is about 1, 8 million.

During the Great Patriotic War Minsk was destroyed by German invaders almost completely. In post-war years the city was rebuilt anew. Modern Minsk is a city of numerous plants and factories, modern buildings, tree-lined streets, beautiful parks and gardens. It is also a big traffic centre with a large network of railways, roads, airlines and two Metro lines.

Minsk has a highly developed industry. There are hundreds of industrial enterprises in the city which produce tractors and automobiles, motor-cycles and bicycles, TV-sets and radio-sets, watches and refrigerators, electronic computers, textile, footwear, food and other goods. Our Belarus tractors and MAZ trucks enjoy a high reputation both in our country and abroad.

Minsk is also known as a city of science and students. There is the Academy of Sciences and 16 state higher educational establishments there, the biggest of which are the University and the Polytechnical Academy.

The cultural life of the people in the Belarusian capital is varied and interesting. In Minsk there are 6 theatres, a number of concert halls, a circus, dozens of cinemas, many palaces of culture, libraries and clubs. The most famous theatres are the Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Yanka Kupala State Academic Theatre, the Gorky Russian Drama Theatre.

Among the most interesting museums one can mention the Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War, the Art Museum and Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas museums.

Minsk is a Hero-City. It was honoured with the title in 1974 for outstanding courage and heroism during the Great Patriotic War.

The citizens of Minsk are proud of their city. It is beautiful at any time of the year. A lot of tourists from our country and abroad come to Minsk to see its sights.

VII. Прочитайте 5-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

When was Minsk awarded the title of the Hero-City and what for?

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Видо-временные формы глагола:

а) активный залог Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);

б) пассивный залог - формы Indefinite и Perfect (Present, Past, Future), Continuous (Present, Past). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

2. Модальные глаголы:

а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may и их эквиваленты - to be able, to be allowed;

б) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: must и его эквиваленты have to, be to, should, ought to.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I и Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Герундий, его простые формы.

4. Интернациональные слова.

Вопросы для самоконтроля

1. Как образуется страдательный залог времен группы Indefinite? Назовите три способа перевода на русский язык предложений со сказуемым в страдательном залоге.

2. Как образуются времена группы Continuous в действительном и страдательном залоге?

3. Как образуются времена группы Perfect в действительном и страдательном залоге?

4. Какие значения имеют модальные глаголы can, may, must?

5. Какие эквиваленты модальных глаголов вы знаете?

6. Какие глаголы выражают долженствование?

7. Как образуется Participle I? Какие функции выполняет в предложениях и как переводится на русский язык?

8. Как образуется Participle II? Какие функции выполняет в предложениях и как переводится на русский язык?

9. Как образуется герундий? Какие функции выполняет в предложении и как переводится на русский язык? Какие характерные признаки имеет герундий в отличие от причастия (Participle I)?

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К ЗАДАНИЮ №1)

а) Lobachevsky's geometry had revolutionized mathematics and the philosophy of science. Геометрия Лобачевского произвела коренное изменение в математике и философии науки, had revolutionized - Past perfect Active от глагола to revolutionize.

б) The new laboratory equipment was sent for yesterday. Вчера послали за новым лабораторным оборудованием. was sent for - Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to send.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 2 (К ЗАДАНИЮ №3)

1. When heated to boiling point water evaporates. Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она испаряется, (when) heated -Prticiple II, обстоятельство.

2. Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth. Тепло излучается Солнцем на Землю.

(is) radiated - Participle II, составная часть сказуемого в Present Indefinite.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Вариант 1

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а) 1. Students were reading some papers when I left. 2. They used the tower of London as a prison.

б) 1. The University of Cambridge was founded in the 12th century. 2. The house is being built in our street.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1) You may take any magazine from our library.

2) An individual cannot satisfy all his wants, but must choose between one thing or another.

3) A number of problems were to be solved.

4) I have to get up early as I live far from my office.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, являются ли определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1) Being busy he refused the invitation.

2) This is the book so much spoken about.

3) She was walking slowly, stopping sometimes to have a rest.

4) The letter lying on tile table must be posted.

4. Укажите номера предложений, в которых слова с окончанием -ing являются герундием.

1) Explaining that material took her much time.

2) Explaining that law he used most up-to-date material.

3) They couldn't solve that problem without studying that relationship.

4) The scientist conducting that experiment is wildly know.

5) Прочитайте и переведите текст (письменно). Ответьте на вопросы к тексту (письменно).