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The Noun, its categories






The features of the noun are the following:

4) Meaning: the categorial meaning of substance, “thingness”;

5) Form: categories of number, gender, case; the specific suffixal forms of derivation;

6) Function: combinability with every notional word + prepositions; functions as the subject (Jill is here), object (he gave to Jill), attribute (country doctor), predicative (I am a student), adverbial modifier (I am at home).

The noun as a part of speech has the categorical meaning of “substance” or “thingness”. It follows from this that the noun is the main nominative part of speech and the central nominative lexemic unit of language.

The categorical functional properties of the noun are determined by its semantic properties.

The most characteristic substantive function of the noun is that of the subject in the sentence. The function of the subject is also typical of the noun as the substance word. Other syntactic functions are attribute, adverbial modifier and even predicative.

Apart from these functions, the noun is characterized by some special types of combinability.

In particular, typical of the noun is the prepositional combinability with another noun, a verb, an adjective, an adverb, e.g. an entrance to the house, to turn round the corner, red in the face, far from its destination.

The possessive combinability characterizes the noun alongside its prepositional combinability with another noun, e.g. the President’s speech, the book’s cover.

English nouns can also easily combine with one another by sheer contact, e.g. a sport event, film festival. In the contact group the noun in pre-position plays the role of a semantic qualifier to the noun in post-position.

The noun is generally associated with the article. Because of the comparative scarcity of morphological distinctions in English in some cases only articles show that the word is a noun.

As a part of speech, the noun is also characterized by a set of formal features determining in specific status in the paradigm of nomination. It has its word-building distinctions, including typical suffixes, compound stem models, conversion patterns.

According to their morphological composition we distinguish simple, derivative and compound nouns.

Simple nouns are nouns which have neither prefixes nor suffixes: chair, table, room, fish, map, work.

Derivative nouns are nouns which have derivative elements (prefixes or suffixes or both): reader, sailor, childhood, misconduct, inexperience.

Productive noun-forming suffixes are:

-er – reader, -ist – dramatist, -ess – actress, -ness – madness, -ism – nationalism.

Unproductive suffixes are: -hood – childhood, -dom – freedom, -ship – friendship, -ment – development, -ance – importance, -ence – dependence, -ty – cruelty, -ity – generosity.


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