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Scotland






Exercises

1. Answer the following questions to the text:

1. Is Scotland an independent country and nation? – It is a country, former independent kingdom and one of the 3 nations comprising Great Britain. 2. What is the ancient and modern Gaelic name for Scotland? – Alba. 3. What differentiates the Scottish flag from the English flag? – The national flag of Scotland features a white saltire on a blue field. 4. Where is Scotland located and what are the specifics of its landscape? – Scotland comprises the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It is bordered on the south by England. The country consists of a mainland area plus several island groups. 5. Compare the climate of Scotland to that of England and other continental countries of the same latitude. – Scotland has a temperate oceanic climate, milder than might be expected from its latitude. 6. Where does the majority of the Scottish population live? – They live in the Central Belt, which contains Edinburgh, Glasgow and Stirling. 7. What were the early settle­ments in Scotland? – The were in the Inner Hebrides islands, dating back some 9000 years. 8. What are the earliest known tribes in Scotland as described by the Romans? – Picts (painted people) living south of the rivers Clyde and Forth. 9. What was the purpose of building Hadrian's Wall? – Hadrian's Wall was built by Romans to prevent invasion of barbaric tribes from the North. 10. When does the name " Alba" first appear? After what historic event? – It was the name given to the kingdoms Picts and Scots (Pictavia and Dalriada), unified by Kenneth Mac Alpin. 11. What was the major change in the devel­opment of the country starting from the 1000s? – Scotland lost its mainly Celtic character. It took on a mixture of Celtic and English characteristics. 12. How did William Wallace and Robert the Bruce affect Scottish history? Why are they still revered today? – In 1297, the angry Scots rebelled against Edward’s authority. The leader of one revolt, William Wallace, decisively defeated the English in Stirling. In 1306, Robert the Bruce, seized the throne. He began his bid to free the Scottish kingdom from English control. 13. How did the rela­tions between Scotland and England develop in the 14th to 16th centuries? – With the fall of Berwick in 1318, all Scotland was free. But England unknowledged Scotland’s independence. 14. What was the story of how Scotland turned Protestant? – Scottish nobles adopted the role of religious reformers. Their actions led to a civil war. The Scottish Parliament outlawed the Mass, denied the authority of the pope, and made Scotland into a Protestant country. 15. What were the consequences of the failure of Mary, Queen of Scots to become ruler of England? – When Mary returned to Scotland from France, she was received with tolerance. She sought to give Elizabeth no further offence. 16. What happened to Scotland under the rule of Oliver Cromwell and later with the Act of Union of 1707? – Scotland virtually became an English province. The English and Scottish kingdoms and parliaments were combined as the United Kingdom and the Parliament of great Britain. 17. What was the major change that happened to Scotland under the Blair Labour government of the UK? – It held referendums on the issue of devolution: the creation of national assemblies in each of the 3 countries of the UK except England. 18. What are the official and de facto languages in Scotland? – There are 2 official languages, Scots and Scots Gaelic, in addition to the de facto language, English. 19. What cunency is used in Scotland? – Different symbols are used from English coins and on banknotes, which are issued by 3 banks. These notes do not feature the Queen of England, but Scottish personalities. 20. What differentiates the history and current state of education in Scotland from those in other countries? – Scotland became the first country since Sparta in classical Greece to implement a system of general free State education. 21. What are the peculiar features of Scots Law found nowhere else? – The Scots Legal system is unique in having 3 possible verdicts for a criminal trial: «guilty», «not guilty» and «not proven». 22. What churches and religions are there in Scotland? – The Church of Scotland (or The Kirk) is the national church. It differs from the Church of England in that it has a Presbyterian form of church governance, not state control. 23. What are the most popular kinds of sport in Scotland? – Shinty, golf, highland games, football, rugby. 24. Describe the Highland Games and their traditional competitions? – The competitions are best known for traditional competitive athletic heavy events, highland dancing and pipe bands. The major heavy events are the hammer throw, shot putt and tug-of war, together with the unique caber toss. 25. What are the outstanding literary figures of Scotland? – Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Ian Rankin. 26. What are the popular festivals in Scotland? – the Edinburgh festival, the Edinburgh festival Fringe. 27. What are the specifically Scottish holidays and traditions related to them? – Hogmanay (New Year – it is traditional after midnight to sing Robert Burns’ «For Auld Lang Syne», tradition of the first-footing, the smocking stick) and Ne’erday (Christmas Day). A Burns Supper is a celebration of the life and poetry of the poet Robert Burns (25 of January). Recitation of the poem Address to a Haggis by Robert Burns is an important part of the supper. Today Haggis is a traditional Scottish dish. 28. What are the icons associated with Scotland by everybody else in the world? – Loch Ness, Irn Bru (caffeinated soft drink), a tartan (a specific woven pattern that in modern times signifies a particular Scottish clan), single malt Scotch whisky.

 

 

2. Supply the word or phrase from the vocabulary list which correctly completes the sentence:

patron, Lowlands, Scottish Gaelic, an English province, Lallans, Gaelic, the Pound Sterling, free State education, uncodified, " not guilty ", the Church of Scotland, the United Kingdom, bagpipes, Hogmanay, the Highlands, Great Britain, the Highland games, the Central Belt, the Stone of Scone, saltire, Uplands

1. Saint Andrew is a Christian martyr and Scotland's... patron. 2. The national flag of Scot­land features a white... saltire of Saint Andrew. 3. Three main geographical and geological areas make up the mainland: from north to south, the generally mountainous... Highlands, the Central... Lawlands and the hilly Southern.... Uplands. 4. The majority of the Scottish population lives in... the Central Belt. 5. In the 4th century A.D. people from Ireland began to settle in the Argyll area of Scotland. They spoke a language that later developed into... Scottish Gaelic. 6. Edward I of England occupied Scotland in the end of the 13th century and removed... the Stone of Scone. 7. Under Oliver Cromwell, who ruled England in the 1650s, the Scotland virtually became... an English province. 8. By the Act of Union the English and Scottish kingdoms were combined as... the United Kingdom and the Parliament of... Great Britain. 9. There are two of­ficial languages in Scotland, Scots, also known as... Lallans, and Scots... Gaelic. 10. Both England and Scotland use... the Pound Sterling as the unit of currency. 11. Scotland became the first country since Sparta to implement a system of general.... free State education. 12. The Scots law is.... uncodified 13. The Scots legal system is unique in having three possible verdicts for a criminal trial: " guilty", " not guilty", and.... " not guilty"

14 the Church of Scotland.. is the national church. 15... the Highland games.. are traditional competitions originating in the Highland areas of Scotland. 16. bagpipes... are a class of musical instruments. 17. Hogmanay... is the Scots word for the celebration of the New Year.

3. Decide whether the statements are true or false:

1. Scotland occupies the southern third of the island of Great Britain. F

2. The Orkneys, the Shetlands and the Hebrides are islands belonging to Scotland. T

3. Glasgow is the capi­tal of Scotland. F

4. Picts are the oldest tribe known to have lived on the territory of Scot­land. T

5. Hadrian's Wall was built by Romans to prevent invasion of barbaric tribes from the North. T

6. Under Anglo-Norman barons Scotland became a feudal state in the 13th century. T

7. William Wallace is a famous Scottish hero who led Scots against English troops under Edward I and defeated then at Stirling. T

8. Mary, Queen of Scots was famous for her long and successful rule. F

9. The Scottish Parliament never ceased to operate in Scotland. F

10. English is one of the official languages in Scotland. F

11. Scottish Gaelic is a widespread language spoken by many in Scotland. T

12. The Scotland Act 1998 re-established a Parliament with a wide range of powers. T

13. Scotland was one of the first countries to introduce compulsory secondary education. F

14. The " not proven" verdict in Scotland is taken by juries to mean " we know he did it but there isn't enough proof. T

15. The Scottish Church was established as the result of reformation initiated in 1560 by John Knox. T

4. Write the letter of the best answer according to the information in the text:

a) Hogmanay is the Scots celebration of the New Year. +

b) Hogmanay is the name of a Scottish national festival.

c) Hogmanay is a Scottish national dish.

 

a) First footing is a tradition of crossing the threshold of a friend and singing Christ­mas carols.

b) First footing is a tradition of crossing the threshold of a friend and giving a piece of coal for luck. +

c) First footing is a tradition of crossing the threshold of a friend and giving Easter eggs.

 

a) A Burns Supper is a festive supper where candles are burnt.

b) A Burns Supper is a traditional torchlight procession.

c) A Burns Supper is a celebration of the life and poetry of the poet Robert Burns. +

 

a) Loch Ness is a large, deep freshwater lake in the Scottish Highlands. +

b) Loch Ness is a fabled monster, the best-known mystery in cryptozoology.

c) Loch Ness is a kind of biscuit eaten at Hogmanay.

 

a) Irn Bru sells more than Coca-Cola in Scotland. +

b) Irn Bru sells more than Coca-Cola in Russia.

c) Irn Bru sells more than Coca-Cola in Kyiv.

 

a) A plaid is a tartan cloth slung over the shoulder or a blanket. +

b) A plaid is a type of a typically Scottish cloth pattern.

c) A plaid is the major constituent of Haggis.

 

a) William McGonagall is famous for being the best Scottish poet. +

b) William McGonagall is famous for being the worst Scottish poet.

c) William McGonagall is a famous historic figure.

 

a) The Rampant Lion is a heraldic device of the king of beasts rearing up with three paws stretched out. +

b) The Rampant Lion is a wild animal unique to Scotland.

c) Rampant Lion is a common pattern of Scottish tartan.

 

5. Identify the events in Scottish history related to the following names:

Kenneth Mac Alpin – unified the kingdoms Picts and Scots (Pictavia and Dalriada),

King Hungus – led the Picts and the Scots in battle against the Angles under Athelstan,

William I " The Lion" – adopted a heraldic device showing a Rampant Lion, the king of beasts, bearing up with three paws stretched out,

St. Ninian – is said to have been a missionary bishop in Scotland in the 400’s,

St. Columba – sailed to Iona from Ireland in 563 and converted the Picts,

Macbeth – the Pictish candidate for the throne, whose family had been suppressed by Malcolm II, defeated Duncan in battle in 1040,

Malcolm III Canmore – one of Scotlands’ greatest early kings, founded a dynasty whose members were particularly open to influences from England,

David I – was the first to offer land to Anglo-Norman barons in return for various services,

Edward I of England – occupied Scotland, removed the Stone of Scone,

William Wallace – defeated the English in Stirling,

Robert the Bruce – took advantage of the great resentment the English occupation caused among the Scottish people,

James IV – signet a definitive peace treaty with Henry VII of England and married Princess Margatet Tudor,

John Knox – received increased backing, Scottish Reformation,

Mary, Queen of Scots – had offended Queen Elizabeth I by contesting her right to succeed to the English throne,

Elizabeth I – had Mary prisoner and had her executed,

James I of Eng­land – restored the bishops,

Oliver Cromwell – made Scotland virtually an English province,

Bonnie Prince Charlie – collapsed at Culloden,

Tony Blair - held referendums on the issue of devolution: the creation of national assemblies in each of the 3 countries of the UK except England


6. Match the events in the first column to the dates in the second column:

1.The battle of Picts and Scots against Angles under Athelstan 5. 700 B.C.
2.Unification of Scottish and Pictish Kingdom later knownas Alba 10. 300'sA.D.
3.A village of Skara Brae 1. 832 A.D.
4.Anglo-Saxon invaded Scotland 4. 400'sA.D
5.Picts living in Northern Scotland 3. 3100 B.C.
6.Romans arrived in Scotland 7. 400'sA.D.
7.Christianity spread throughout Scotland 2. 843 A.D.
8.Robert the Bruce seized the throne 6. 78 A.D.
9.The Hadrian Wall was built 11. 1297
10.Scots arrived from Ireland to settle in Scotland 12. 1314
11.Rebellion under William Wallace 9. 100 A.D.
12.The battle of Bannockburn 13. 1326
13.The first full Scottish parliament 8. 1306
14.The Act of Union 15. 1997
15.Devolution was approved under Blair Government 17. 1947
16.Scotland Act 19. 1999
17.The Edinburgh International Festival was established 14. 1707
18.Education Act 16. 1998
19.The Scottish Parliament reopened 18. 1872
20.Edinburgh was named the world's first City of Literature 21. 1560
21.Reformation initiated by John Knox 20. 2004

7. Match the following words and word combinations to their correct meaning:

1.Broch 10. The Stone upon which the Scottish kings had

traditionally been inaugurated

2.The Kirk 11. The highest Britain's mountain

3.Alba 5. An outdoor game played on grass with sticks

4.Plaid 8. A popular caffeinated soft drink in Scotland

5.Shinty 7. A specific woven pattern signifying a particular Scottish

clan

6.Caber toss 3. Ancient and modern Celtic name

7.Tartan 15. Painted people

8.Irn Bru 1. Fortifications from Iron Age

9.Scotch 2. The Church of Scotland

10.The stone of Scone 12. Traditional Scottish male dance from about the 1700s

11.Ben Nevis 4. A tartan cloth slung over the shoulder or a blanket

12.The Highland Fling 6. A traditional Scottish athletic event

13.Haggis 9. Traditional Scotch whisky

14.Ne'erday 13. A popular Scottish dish

15.Picts 14. Old Scottish name for Christmas day



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