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Prepare a presentation on the history and dialects of Scottish.






Scottish and Scots used was originally used for the dwellers of Ireland. Scots was also used for the Gaelic language of the original Scots. This language was later known as Ersche.

In the eighth century Scottish and Scots included the inhabitants of Northern Britain, who were of Irish descent and lived along the west coast of Alban, beyond the Firth of Clyde (south-west of Glasgow).

In the Anglo-Saxon period five different languages were spoken in Scotland. Three Celtic languages, Norse and the same language that was spoken in Northern England, as far south as the Humber. Linguistically, a large part of the Scottish Lowlands belonged to Northumbria. The borders between Scotland and England were continually shifting and the Scottish population was a mix of Scots, Picts (inhabitants of the east side as far south as the Firth of Forth, just north of Edinburgh), Strathclyde Britons, Norsemen (Norwegians) and Anglo-Saxons. At this time Scotland, as we know it today, was divided into five parts. There was one part that belonged to England (with English speakers), a Norwegian colony (Norse speaking) and three Celtic kingdoms (each with their own language).

In the middle of the ninth century a Scottish ruler managed to succeed to the Pictish throne, however, he managed to keep the title 'King of Scots'. After some time the term 'Scots' included all inhabitants north of Forth.

From the tenth century the Scottish monarchs extended their power to the territory south of Forth. This was because the Anglo-Saxons 'invited' them in, since they had problems to keep the people i Northumberland under control.

In 1122 King David reunit the kingdom north of the Forth with the kingdom south of the Firth of Forth. When he died in 1153 Scotland had acchieved the stature of a nation. During the 12th century, however, Scotland remained on and off the vassal of England, and fought for independece. Because of this the linguistic situation became more complex in the following two centuries. The part south of the Firth of Forth was considered to be part of England and therefore the language spoken there was the same as in Northern England, called Lingua Anglica or Inglis.

Not until the 16th century were distinctions made between the English spoken south of the Firth of Forth and north of Cheviot Hills, from the Inglis spoken in England. The former was from this time on, called Scottish.

 

EARLY SCOTS: 14th up to 15th century. During this period it was the literary dialect of Scotland and of England, north of the river Humber.

MIDDLE SCOTS: 15th to late 16th century, limited to Scotland.

MODERN SCOTS: 17th century till present day. No longer in general literature, only in the spoken language and in popular poetry.


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