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SHOULD/OUGHT TO
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| Meaning | Forms of the MV | Ways of rendering into Russian | Forms of the infinitive | Kinds of sentences | Some other ways of expressing the same meaning | Sentence patterns |
| 1. Obligation weakened to the sense of advice, desirability | should shouldn’t Should I…? ought to oughtn’t to Ought I to…? | нужно следовало следует | Indefinite Infinitive Continuous Infinitive The Perfect Infinitive indicates that a desirable action was not carried out (an undesirable action was not carried out). | affirmative interrogative negative | I advise you to… I advise you not to… I recommend you to do… I urge you to do… It is for you to do… I would advise you to do… | You ought to/should help your friend. He is in trouble. You should/ought to be getting ready for your report. You ought to/should have changed for the Underground. Gorky Street is far away from here. He oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have left London without visiting Hyde Park. |
| 2. Instructions, corrections | should shouldn’t Should I…? | нужно следует | Indefinite Infinitive | affirmative interrogative negative | This preposition should be pronounced with a neutral sound in an unstressed position. You should take this medicine three times a day before your meals. | |
| 3. Disapproval, reproach for failing to do what was one’s duty or moral obligation | should shouldn’t ought to oughtn’t to | следует следовало бы нужно нужно бы | The Continuous Infinitive refers the action to the present. The Perfect Infinitive indicates that the action was not carried out. | affirmative negative | You ought to/should be speaking more clearly. You oughtn’t to/should have allowed him to go out so early after his illness. | |
| 4. Supposition implying probability | should shouldn’t ought to oughtn’t to | должно быть очевидно вероятно | The Indefinite Infinitive refers the action to the present or future. The Perfect Infinitive refers the action to the past. | affirmative negative | Very likely he… It’s likely he… Most likely he… Very probably he… I think it is probable that…I expect he… Probably not… | This dish ought to/should be very delicious as it has been prepared by Mother. This dish is very delicious. It ought to/should have been prepared by Mother. |
| 5. Emotional colouring | Should I…? | Indefinite Infinitive | interrogative | Why should I? Why should you help him? How should you know? |