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Сопоставление видовременных форм английского глагола в активном залоге
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Данная схема дает понятие о времени (настоящем, прошедшем и будущем) и дополнительные сведения о четырех характеристиках действия, присущих мышлению англоговорящих людей.
| Past(Прошедшее) | Present(Настоящее) | Future(Будущее) | |||||||||
| Simple | Progressive | Perfect | Perfect | Simple | Progressive | Perfect | Perfect | Simple | Progressive | Perfect | Perfect |
| Регулярное | Процесс | Завершенное | Progressive | Регулярное | Процесс | Завершенное | Progressive | Регулярное | Процесс | Завершенное | Progressive |
| Завершенно- | Завершенно- | Завершенно- | |||||||||
| длительное | длительное | длительное | |||||||||
| V-ed, V2 | was (were) | hadV3 | had been | V, V-s | be V-ing | have V3 | have been | will (shall) V | will (shall) be | will (shall) | will (shall) |
| V-ing | V-ing | I am | has (3л. | V-ing | V-ing | haveV3 | have been | ||||
| he, she, it is we, you, they are | ед.ч.) | V-ing | |||||||||
| В прошлом | Она вела | Она завела | Она ехала | Она обычно | Она сейчас | Она никогда | Она за рулем | Она завтра | Завтра в 12 | Завтра | Она будет |
| году она | свою новую | машину в | уже 2 часа | ездит на | ведет свою | не водила | (ведет | приедет | часов она | к трем | за рулем уже |
| вела | машину, | гараж к тому | к тому | машине на | новую | грузовик. | машину) | на работу | будет за | часам она | 4 часа к тому |
| машину | когда я ее | времени, как | времени, | работу. | машину. | с 12 часов. | на машине. | рулем (будет | уже приедет | времени, как | |
| впервые. | увидел. | он прибыл | когда начался | вести | на работу. | она доберет- | |||||
| домой. | дождь. | машину). | ся до моря. | ||||||||
| She drovea | She was | She had | She had | She usually | She is | She has | She has | She will | She will be | She will | She will |
| car for the | drivingher | driventhe | been driving | drivesto | drivingher | never driven | been driving | driveto work | driving | have driven | have been |
| first time last | new car | car into the | for two hours | work. | new car now. | a truck. | since 12 | tomorrow. | tomorrow at | to work | drivingfor |
| year. | when I saw | garage | when it | o'clock. | 12 o'clock. | tomorrow by | 4 hours by | ||||
| her. | before he | started to | 3 o'clock. | the time she | |||||||
| arrived | rain. | arrives at the | |||||||||
| home. | sea. |
Условные обозначения:
V — основа глагола;
V-s — форма глагола в третьем лице единственного числа;
V- ed – Past Simple правильных глаголов
V2 — Past Simple неправильных глаголов;
V3 — Participle II как правильных, так и неправильных глаголов;
V-ing — Participle I.
| ASPECT | SIMPLE | PROGRESSIVE | PERFECT | PERFECT PROGRESSIVE | |
| MEANING | констатация факта | процесс | завершенность | завершено-длительное | |
| When? | At what time? | By what time? | Since what time? How long? | ||
| Period of time | usually, often, always, seldom, every day (week, month, year) | now, at the moment | ever, never, just, already, not...yet, by 3p.m. | since 3 p.m., for a long time, for a month... | |
| Present | + | V Vs (3л.ед.ч.) |  am
to be is + Ving
are
| have + Ved/V3 has (3л.ед.ч.) | have + been +Ving has (3л.ед.ч.) |
| ? | do, does...V | inversion | inversion | inversion | |
| __ | do, does + not + V | am, is, are + not + Ving | have/ has + not + Ved/V3 | have/ has + not + been + Ving | |
| Period of time | yesterday, last week (month, year), long ago | yesterday at 3p.m., yesterday from 6 till 7, when you came... | yesterday by 3p.m., before some time in the past... | yesterday since 3p.m., for some time in the past | |
| Past | + | Ved/V2 | was + Ving were | had+ Ved/V3 | had been + Ving |
| ? | did...V | inversion | inversion | inversion | |
| __ | did + not + V | was, were + not + Ving | had + not + Ved/ V3 | had + not + been + Ving | |
| Period of time | tomorrow, next week (month, year) | tomorrow at 3p.m., tomorrow from 6 till 7, when you come | tomorrow by 3p.m., by some time in the future | tomorrow since 3p.m., for some time in the future | |
| Future | + | will+ V | will + be + Ving | will + have + Ved/V3 | will + have + been + Ving |
| ? | inversion | inversion | inversion | inversion | |
| __ | won't + V | won't + be +Ving | won't + have + Ved/ V3 | won't + have + been + Ving |
PASSIVE Страдательный залог
| SIMPLE | PROGRESSIVE | PERFECT |
| PRESENT | am is +Ved/V3 are Usually houses are built 8 months. Обычно дома строят 8месяцев. | am is + being +Ved/ V3 are This house is being built now. Этот дом строится сейчас. | have + been + Ved/V3 has This house has been already built. Этот дом уже построен. |
| PAST | was + Ved/V3 were This house was built last year. Этот дом был построен в прошлом году. | was +being+ Ved/V3 were When I came last year this house was being built. Этот дом строился, когда я в прошлом году приехал. | had been +Ved/ V3 This house had been built before I came. Этот дом был построен до того, как я приехал. |
| FUTURE | will + be + Ved/V3 This house will be built next year. Этот дом будет построен в следующем году. | X | will have been + Ved/V3 This house will have been already built by January. Этот дом уже будет построен к январю. |
Your attitude and thoughts must be constantly changing for the better.