Document and implement

During this phase the high level process design is converted to an executable process model. Before automating the process, it is typically documented in a form that can be shared with staff and partners. The document encapsulates information that defines the business process flow, roles of entities involved, exceptions, expectations and resource requirements. This is essential for future maintenance and improvement of the process. It may also aid in meeting certain compliance and regulatory requirements.

The next step after documentation is to implement the business process. BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) is emerging as the clear implementation standard for composing multiple synchronous and asynchronous services into collaborative and transactional process flows. BPEL benefits from over a decade of research poured into its predecessor languages, XLANG and WSFL. It includes the following concepts:

• Web Services/WSDL as component model

• XML as data model

• Synchronous and asynchronous message exchange patterns

• Deterministic and non-deterministic flow coordination

• Hierarchical exception management

• Long-running unit of work/compensation

The Oracle BPEL Designer provides a graphical and user-friendly way to build BPEL processes. What is unique about the Oracle BPEL Designer is that it uses BPEL as its native format. This means that processes built with the Designer are 100% portable and in addition it enables developers to view, and modify, the BPEL source without decreasing the usefulness of the tool.

If the high level process has been modeled using BPMN, it is first exported to the skeletal BPEL process. The skeletal process generally consists of process scopes, invoke/receive activities and partner links to the appropriate services.

The following steps need to be performed in the BPEL designer before the process can be deployed:

• Identify web service operations that are invoked on various services

• Specify XSD types for the messages that are exchanged between different
entities.

• Model transformation maps to different types of messages sent and
received from various systems

• Specify endpoint locations and connection parameters for the services
involved.

If we consider the LoanFlow example described earlier, this step would involve completing the BPEL generated from the BPMN modeling tool to include URLs for the services, XSDs for the loan application and loan offer and defining data transformations between documents exchanged between the services. Figure 3 shows the LoanFlow process modeled in the BPEL designer.

ВАРІАНТ II

Requirements for 1nternet Connection

The Internet is the largest data network on earth. The Internet consists of many large and small networks that are interconnected. Individual computers are the sources and destinations of information through the Internet. Connection to the Internet can be broken down into the physical connection, the logical connection, and applications.

A physical connection is made by connecting an adapter card, such as a modem or a NIC, from a PC to a network. The physical connection is used to transfer signals between PCs within the local ­area network (LAN) and to remote devices on the Internet.

The logical connection uses standards called protocols. A protocol is a formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how devices on a network communicate. Connections to the Internet may use multiple protocols. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite is the primary set of protocols used on the Internet. The TCP/IP suite works together to transmit and receive data, or information.

The last part of the connection are the applications, or software programs, that interpret and display data in an understandable form. Applications work with protocols to send and receive data across the Internet. A Web browser displays HTML as a Web page. Examples of Web browsers include Internet Explorer and Netscape. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to download files and programs from the Internet. Web browsers also use proprietary plug-in applications to display special data types such as movies or flash animations.

This is an introductory view of the Internet, and it may seem to be a simplistic process. As the topic is explored in greater depth, students will learn that data transmission across the Internet is a complicated task.

ВАРІАНТ III