B. Rumen indigestion

Probably, during a year's time more dairy cattle suffer from indigestion of one sort or another than there are cows that suffer from infectious diseases. It has been estimated that 70 percent of ailing animals have noninfectious disorders. Often recovery from disease depends upon the reestablishment of normal digestive function. Too little is known about the normal functions of the digestive tract of the dairy cow.

In all probability, the ruminant could remain on this earth because its digestive processes have been adapted to the natural seasonal changes in the plant life of the area where they lived. Some species of ruminants had to be adapted to cold climates and the type of vegetation that has been found there.

Many cases of disturbances of alimentary system and indigestion may be connected with rumen. Therefore rumenotomy should be used. Rumenotomy is the opening of the paunch, or rumen, and the removal of a part or the whole of the ingesta through the formed opening.. The operation should be performed in severe cases only. The animal has to be placed with its right side against a wall and firmly held in position by strong assistants. The incision must be made in the most distended portion of the left side of the animal. As the opening is increased in size the operator's hand can be inserted into the rumen. Before any of the contents are removed from that organ a linen cloth should be placed from the outer wound into the rumen, because no ingesta must get into the abdominal cavity. After removing contents of the rumen some medicine may be introduced in the wound. Then the opening in the rumen should be closed with uninterrupted carbonized catgut sutures. No food should be given for several hours after the operation.

Упражнение 20. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту В по-русски и по-английски:

1) What is termed rumenotomy?

2) When should rumenotomy be performed?

3) In what position must the animal be during the rumenotomy?

4) What is done after removing a portion of the contents of the rumen?

5) Is it allowed to give food to the animal after rumenotomy? '

Упражнение 21. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту В по-английски:

1) Should rumenotomy be performed in severe cases only?

2) Where must be made an incision?

3) Is it possible to give food to the animal just after the rumenotomy?

Упражнение 22. Переведите предложения:

1) Herbivorous mammals chew their food and then swallow it.

2) After the removal of the foreign body from the digestive tract the animal recovered soon.

3) The disorder of the digestion of this ruminant was caused by bad fodder.

4) This medicine is introduced into the body through the skin.

5) Some operations cannot be done by veterinarians without strong assistants.

6) The number of cases of pneumonia depends on environmental conditions.

7) Dairy cows on the farm have been vaccinated from an infectious disease this month.

8) Feeding with bad fodder can cause severe diseases.

Упражнение 23. Переведите на английский язык, используя заменители модальных глаголов (must — to have to, can — to be able to, may — to be allowed to):

1) Мы должны были прооперировать корову вчера.

2) Я смогу сообщить результаты эксперимента через неделю.

3) Кто должен выполнить операцию на желудке этого животного?

4) Мне пришлось отправить больное животное в клинику, так как случай был очень тяжелый.

5) Завтра этому студенту будет разрешено ассистировать хирургу.

6) Тебе придется завершить эксперимент к маю.