Types of Animation

There are various types of animations:

- animated full-length films, like Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fritz the Cat, and Shrek;

- films with both animated and human characters, such as Roger Rabbit, and Lord of the Rings;

- shorter-length cartoons or TV series, like Tom and Jerry, and the Simpsons;

- specific animations for TV and video commercials. The growth of animation, both as an art form and as a commercial product, has led to its growing importance as a study subject.

Animation is now taught as a separate figurative art course in a growing number of European as well as American arts colleges.

Exercise34. Are the following sentences true or false? Write T or F in the brackets.

1. () The most common drawing instruments are the pencil, ballpoint pen, and ruler.

2. () The most usual support is obviously paper, card, board, papyrus, cardboard, canvas, leather, vellum (calfskin), textiles - even plastic or metal.

3. () Casual drawing denotes unfinished and unrefined compositions.

4. () Today sculpture is not the leading method of expressing and commemorating historical figures and events.

5. () The main classical type of graphic art is drawing, which includes cartoons, comic strips, animation and caricature,

6. () The first film cartoon appeared in Great Britain, in 1903.

Exercise35. Think over the following definition and write the advantages and disadvantages of artificial art.

" Artificial Art" is art produced by non-humans, namely computer programs. Various techniques can be used in programs that generate drawings and animations, the most common techniques that can be found on webs use fractals and Artificial Life.

Advantages:

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Disadvantages:

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Exercise36. Scan the text and get ready to talk about the influence of art on a society and a person considering the information from the text and your own one.

The theft of Mona Lisa in 1911 and its subsequent recovery in 1913 gave the painting considerable renown, but many other stolen works of art have gained only ephemeral fame. One of the decisive factors in the relatively recent transformation of the Mona Lisa into global icon has been its deployment in advertising, and its use in merchandising as well as by contemporary artists. However, we must not forget, amid all this hype, that advertisers and artists would not have used it had it not been already highly esteemed (it was regarded as a masterpiece by many of Leonardo's own contemporaries, including Raphael). As production becomes global and local tastes and identities are subsumed in a wider culture, advertisers need instantly recognizable symbols - the more universal, the better. We may not have an agreed definition of art, but there are universally recognizable images of what art is - and Mona Lisa is one of them. The use of art in advertising was a way of linking a unique, high-quality object to the less-than-unique commodity being promoted.

Bartz Gabriele (2001). Art and architecture, Louvre.

Exercise37. Discuss the following questions in groups and then compare your opinions with group mates:

1. Can we say that the main reason for transforming Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci into global icon is the fact that a lot of products are advertised with the help of Mona Lisa?

2. Do you know any other examples of advertisements using the painting?

3. What is your attitude towards the use of art in advertising? What products should or shouldn't be advertised this way?

4. Discuss the topic 'Art and crime'. What makes works of art an object of crime? Recollect the instances of masterpieces being stolen. Give reasons why people would steal works of art.

Exercise 38. Write answers to the following questions:

1. What is the relationship between architecture and art?

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2. What do you know about the ancient architecture?

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