Grammatically and stylistically Prearranged transformations

Apart from the semantically conditioned outer transformations, a bulk of sense units of the source language can be faithfully trans­lated into the target language only through their structurally trans­formed semantic equivalents. Such kind of transformations usually become necessary because of the difference in the means of expres­sion in the target language. They are mainly employed in the following cases: 1) when translating antonymically; 2) when rendering the mean­ing of most passive constructions, and 3) when translating sentences with an inverted order of words.

Antonymic translation, as was already mentioned, requires a) an obligatory substitution of an affirmative in sense and structure source language unit for a semantically corresponding negative in struc­ture sense unit of the target language:

«For the thousandth time I've «Тисячний раз тобі кажу,

told you, to keep your nose out of _не втручайся ти в цю справу»
the business». (J.London) /Будь подалі від цієї справи.

Fair words fat few. (Proverb) Гарні слова не нагодують.

This proverb may also have some other antonymic versions, which faithfully convey its meaning via an explicit form in Ukrainian: Від гарних слів їсти не перехочеться /гарними словами голод не проженеш (не вгамуєш).

b) A reverse transformation of negative in structure sense units of the source language into semantically equivalent affirmative in struc­ture sense units in the target language is no less frequent in both languages either:

In reality, of course, the doc- Насправді ж лікар має

to r hasn't the least idea about тільки туманне уявлення про
what is wrong. (Cronin) цю хворобу (шахтарів).

«Can't I have a little peace?» «Ви можете дати мені
(Ibid.) спокій?»

When stylistically required, the transformation may sometimes be avoided, as in the first sentence above: Насправді ж лікар немає навіть найменшого уявлення про хворобу.

The choice of the form of expression/transformation usually rests with the translator only, who takes into account the contextual envi­ronment of each sense unit which is to be translated. As a result, there may sometimes be different explicit forms of realization of sense units in the target language, as can be seen from the given sentences in the exercise below.