Билет для экзамена № 2

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БИЛЕТ ДЛЯ ЭКЗАМЕНА № 1

1. The question of law (the need for law).

2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.

The process whereby an offender comes to court is complicated. A person arrested by the police who admits to committing an offence may receive a formal caution, with matters being taken no further. If he denies committing the offence, or if the offence is considered too serious for a caution, the police report the matter to the Crown Prosecution Service, which decides whether or not to prosecute. The police may release the accused person on bail to appear later at court, or simply agree to send him a summons; or they may keep the person in custody at a police station, in which case they must take the person to court within seventy-two hours or as soon as possible, so that magistrates can give legal permission for the person to be detained. The accused person may be transferred to a remand prison until his case can be dealt with. Young men under 15 and young women under 17 cannot be remanded to prison, and the preferred option for all young offenders is to remand them into the care of the local authority if bail is not considered appropriate. Remand prisoners who have not yet been to trial have special privileges (such as daily visits) and must be assumed to be innocent. However, the benefit of any such privileges tends to be negated. The only other possible advantage of being remanded in custody is that time served in this way is deducted from any prison sentence eventually given. Remand prisoners must be produced in court periodically during the adjournment period - a protection against abuse or even " disappearance".

Зав. кафедрой кандидат исторических наук, доцент

Сексте Я.А.

(подпись)

САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ)

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТНОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ЮСТИЦИИ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)»

САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВГУЮ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)

Кафедра: Гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин

Дисциплина Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции

(наименование учебной дисциплины)

БИЛЕТ ДЛЯ ЭКЗАМЕНА № 2

1. Law and Society.

2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.

Since the abolition of the death penalty in 1965, imprisonment is the most severe penalty available to the courts in England and Wales.

Maximum prison sentences are laid down by Acts of Parliament, but within those limits courts have discretion about the length of sentences, although magistrates’ courts cannot send anyone to prison for more than six months for one offence or a total of twelve months for more than one offence. Ninety per cent of prison sentences are given by Crown Courts.

Men’s prisons are categorized according to their functions and levels of security. There are 35 local prisons (which house prisoners immediately after they have been sentenced), 52 closed training prisons (housing high- and medium-security-risk prisoners), 19 open training prisons(housing low-security-risk prisoners), 17 remand centres (for prisoners awaiting trial or sentence) and 22 young offender institutions (for prisoners aged 15-21 years). Some prisons serve more than one function. There are 12 female prisons, some of which also incorporateremand centres and young offender institutions, categorized only as either as closed or open. The average prison population was about 46, 000 in 1991- 1992. Of these prisoners, just under 1, 600 are women. Sixteen per cent of the male prison population and 26 per cent of the female prison population are known to be from ethnic-minority communities. Twenty-two per cent of the total prison population is untried or unsentenced (that is, on remand). The prison population in England and Wales is one of the highest in Western Europe in relation to the general population.