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Variation and Changes






ХОД УРОКА

Приветствие.

Сообщение темы и цели урока.

Лекция с демонстрацией слайдов.

Выполнение задания на перевод с австралийского на русский.

Аудирование песни на австралийском языке.

Socio-Historical Linguistic Context

Australian English began diverging from British English shortly after the foundation of the Australian penal colony of New South Wales in 1788. British convicts sent there, (including Cockneys from London), came mostly from large English cities. They were joined by free settlers, military personnel and administrators, often with their families. However, a large part of the convict body were Irish, with at least 25% directly from Ireland. There were other populations of convicts from non-English speaking areas of Britain, such as the Welsh and Scots.

Already in 1827 Peter Cunningham, in his book Two Years in New South Wales, reported that native-born white Australians of the time spoke with a distinctive accent and vocabulary, with a strong Cockney influence.

The transportation of convicts to Australia ended in 1868, but immigration of free settlers from Britain, Ireland and elsewhere continued. Thus, the former Australian English began as a mixture of Cockney, Irish, Welsh and Scotish.

The American military personnel in World War II brought American influence; though most words were short-lived; and only okay, you guys, and gee have persisted. Since the 1950s the American influence on language in Australia has mostly come from pop culture, the mass media, computer software and the internet. Some words, such as freeway and truck, have even been naturalised so completely that few Australians recognise their origin.

American, British and Australian variants exist side-by-side; in many cases – freeway and motorway (used in New South Wales) for instance – regional, social and ethnic variation within Australia typically defines word usage. Words of Irish origin are used such as bum for " backside" (Irish bun), tucker for " food", as well as one or two native English words whose meaning have changed under Irish influence, such as paddock for " field".

Variation and Changes

Three main varieties of Australian English are spoken according to linguists: broad, general and cultivated. They often, but not always, reflect the social class or educational background of the speaker.

Broad Australian English is recognisable and familiar to English speakers around the world because it is used to identify Australian characters in non-Australian films and television programs.

The majority of Australians speak with the general Australian accent British words such as mobile (phone) predominate in most cases.

Cultivated Australian English has some similarities to British Received Pronunciation, and is often mistaken for it.

There are no strong variations in accent and pronunciation across different states and territories.

Australian English has some peculiarities in pronunciation.

But surely, the most remarkable changes appeared to be in vocabulary.


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