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Vocabulary. In 1945 Sidney J. Baker published the book The Australian Language which was a milestone in the emergence of a separate Australian Standard.
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In 1945 Sidney J. Baker published the book The Australian Language which was a milestone in the emergence of a separate Australian Standard.
Australian English has many words that some consider unique to the language. One of the best known is outback,, meaning a remote, sparsely populated area. Another is The bush meaning either a native forest or a country area in general.
· Fair dinkum can mean “are you telling me the truth? ”, “this is the truth! ”, or“this is ridiculous! ”depending on context - the disputed origin dates back to the gold rush in the 1850s, “dinkum” being derived from the Chinese word for “gold” or “real gold”: fair dinkum is the genuine article.
· ExtinctEast Midlands dialect in England: dinkum means hard work or fair work
· Dinky-di means true or devoted: a ‘dinky-di Aussie’ is a ‘true Australian
G'day is well known as a stereotypical Australian greeting - it is worth noting that G'day is not synonymous with the expression “Good Day”, and is never used as an expression for " farewell". Many of these terms have been adopted into British English via popular culture and family links.
Speaking about word-forming, we may say that Australian English has a unique set of diminutives formed by adding -o or -ie (- y) to the ends of (often abbreviated) words. There does not appear to be any particular pattern to which of these suffixes is used.
Examples with the -o ending include
| Australian English Abo Aggro Ambo Arvo Avo Bizzo Dero Evo Garbo Journo Milko Servo Smoko Thingo vejjo | Standard English Aborigine-(now considered very offensive) Aggressive Ambulance office Afternoon Avocado Business Homeless person Evening Garbage collector Journalist Milkman Service(gas) station Smoke or coffee/tea break Thing Vegetarian |
Examples of the - ie (- y) ending include
| Australian English Aussie Barbie Beautie Bikkie Bitie Brekkie Bushie Chewie Chokkie Cozzie Chrissie Exy Kindie Lippy Mozzie Oldies Postie Prezzie Rellie Sickie Sunnies Surfy Swaggie Trackies Truckie Vedgie | Standard English Australian Barbeque Beautiful Biscuit Biting insect Breakfast Someone who lives in the bush Chewing gum Chocolate Swimming suit Christmas Expensive Kindergarten Lipstick Mosquito Parents Postman Present Relatives Day off sick from work Sun-glasses Surfing fanatic Swagman Tracksuit Truck driver Vegetable |
Occasionally, a -za diminutive is used, usually for personal names.
· Barry becomes Bazza,
· Karen becomes Kazza and
· Sharon becomes Shazza.
There are also a lot of abbreviations in Australian English without any suffixes. Examples of these are the words
beaut (great, beautiful),
BYO (B ring Y our O wn restaurant, party, barbecue etc),
· deli (delicatessen),
· hoon (hooligan),
· nana (banana),
· roo (kangaroo),
· uni (university),
· ute (utility truck or vehicle)