Class assignments. XIV. Translate into Russian:

XIV. Translate into Russian:

1. If Anton Leeuwenhock (1632-1723) ['Imranhuk] had not discovered the specific power (силу) of lenses, he should not have seen the world of microbes. 2. The patient's sclerae were yellow as if he had jaundice. 3. The patient must be given vaccination lest he should become infected. 4. Chronic gastritis would not be so dangerous to life if the patient were not so young. 5. It is likely that the symptoms should recur since the process of inflammation has not been con­trolled yet. 6. It is necessary that the patient be administered a strict diet to control gastric pains.

XV. Pick out the appropriate phrase to end the sentences:

1. If the human body had no resistance capacity... (a) people would de­velop any infectious diseases; b) even direct contacts with infected people would never result in diseases) 2. If a previous attack of a certain infectious disease did not produce a more or less permanent immunity... (a) all of us would be im­mune (невосприимчивые) to any subsequent attack of this particular infection; b) people would lack resistance to subsequent infection) 3. If all of us had abso­lute immunity... (a) antitoxins would not be able to neutralize toxins; b) no infectious disease would ever develop in the human organism)

XVI. Finish the sentences using Complex Object:

1. In the practical therapy class the students watched... (а) как сестра делала больным подкожные и внутримышечные инъекции; Ь) как оперировали больного с закупоркой желчных протоков) 2. The scientists have found... (а) что фагоциты окружают и разрушают бактерии, проникшие в ткани; Ь) что антитоксины нейтрализуют действие токсинов)

XVII. Pick out the sentences corresponding to Text A:

1. a) Artificial immunity results from prophylactic vaccination, b) Artificial immunity is due to the formation of specific antitoxins. 2. a) Immunity may vary depending on various conditions, b) Immunity may be present only in certain persons. 3. a) Toxins produce the characteristic symptoms of a particular infec­tious disease, b) Some microorganisms, like mucobacterium tuberculosis, pro­duce little or no toxin during growth.

XVIII. 1. Read Text B. 2. Determine the meaning of the words in bold type from the context. 3. Say about what Pasteur- spoke in his lecture. 4. What conclusion have you come to having read the text?

Text B. Asepsis

If all the works carried out by the great French researcher Pasteur were divided into three groups they would form three great discoveries.

The first one might be formulated thus: " Each fermentation is produced by the development of a particular microbe."

The second one might be given this formula: " Each.infectious disease is produced by the development of a particular microbe within the human organ­ism."

The third one might be the following: " The microbe of an infectious dis­ease, under certain conditions, is attenuated¹ in its pathogenic activity; from a microbe it becomes a vaccine."

In 1878 while delivering his lecture on the theory of microbes at the Acad­emy of Sciences in Paris Pasteur said that if he were a surgeon, who knew of the dangers produced by microbes existing on the surface of every object, particu­larly in hospitals, not only should he use clean instruments, but after washing his hands with the greatest care, he would employ only those bandages and charpie² which had been heated to a temperature of 130° or 150°C.

If he employed the water he would heat it to a temperature of 110° or 120°C, since observation had shown the clearest water to contain still greater number of microbes.

Had those principles of asepsis, on which Pasteur insisted, not been strictly followed in medicine thousands and thousands of human lives would have been lost because of sepsis.

Notes

1. to attenuate [a'tenjucit] - ослаблять, разбавлять

2. charpie ['Ja." pi] - карпия, льняные нитки для перевязки ран