TYPES OF ENGINEs

One modern dictionary defines an engine as any mechanism or machine designed to convert energy into mechanical work.

There may be steam engines, internal combustion engines, etc.

A steam engine is an external combustion engine, as the fuel is burned outside it.

An internal combustion engine burns the fuel inside the engine cylinder to produce expansion which is turned into power. Heat is a form of energy, and all automobiles are equipped with some form of heat engine.

The source of the energy may be coal, wood, petroleum products, etc.

For convenience, it is usually petroleum products in the form of gasoline, gas or oil.

Any of these materials can be used to generate steam for a steam engine. For internal combustion engines natural gas can be used.

Petroleum is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power, as the heat energy can be converted directly from the fuel into power by burning it in a cylinder.

In a steam engine the fuel is burned to create steam from water and the steam furnishes the expansive force for the engine.

Many steam automobiles were built in the early years of the automobile.

The steam cars used kerosene to heat the water to make steam and also used a small quantity of gasoline to maintain a tiny flame in the pilot, which initiated combustion of the kerosene.

Now the steam engine is rarely used in automobile business, but it is still in the use in locomotives and in other power installations.

Задание 5. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.

1. What is an engine?

2. What kinds of engines do yon know?

3. Why is a steam engine considered an external combustion engine?

4. Where does an internal combustion engine burn the fuel?

5. What sources of energy do you know?

6. What is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power?

7. Was the steam engine used in automobiles?

8. Where is the steam engine used now?

Задание 6. Образуйте существительные от следующих прилагательных:

direct, expansive, natural, possible, practical, motive, equal, rotational.

Задание 7. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке, используя следующий план.

1. What an engine is.

2. Internal combustion engine.

3. External combustion engine.

4. Sources of energy.

5. Steam engine.

При ответе используйте следующие выражения:

the text is about...; the text deals with the problem...; the main problem of the text is...; I know that...; it is a well-known fact...; it is worth mentioning...; as for the problem of...; it should be noted that....