Текст 7. Задание 1. Слушайте и повторяйте:

Задание 1. Слушайте и повторяйте:

Задание 2. Найдите соответствующий вариант перевода каждого английского словосочетания.

A. Cylinder size; engine power; engine design; to take into consideration; cubic inch displacement; combustion chamber; horse power.

B. Камера сгорания; размер цилиндра; принимать во внимание; мощность двигателя; лошадиная сила; конструкция двигателя; рабочий объем цилиндра в кубических дюймах.

Задание 3. В каждом из данных предложений найдите герундий или причастие I. Прочтите и переведите предложения.

1. Engine designing has greatly developed.

2. This car is intended for being used in agriculture.

3. Piston displacement is a reliable figure for indicating the potential power output of engine.

4. The speed at which the engine operates is not the determining factor of the amount of power.

Задание 4. Прочтите и дайте другое заглавие тексту.

ENGINE

Fundamental parts of the engine are: cylinder, piston, connecting rod and crankshaft.

Cylinder. The ideal form, consists of a plain cylindrical barrel, in which the piston slides, the movement of the piston or “stroke”, being in most cases, somewhat longer than the bore, but tending to equality or even less. This is known as the “stroke -bore ratio”.

The upper end consists of a combustion or “clearance” space, in which, the ignition and combustion of the charge takes place.

Cylinder size. Before deciding on the cylinder size and the number of cylinders the engineer will need to know how much power is wanted.

For example, if the need is for 100 hp (horse power), it can be developed by one cylinder engine, having a cylinder of sufficient size. Or the same power can be developed by a 16-cylinder engine, having much smaller cylinders.

If the engine is to be used for a stationary power plant, the choice might be one or two cylinders.

If the engine is intended for use in automobile, it would be better to use 6 or 8 cylinders of smaller size. The smaller cylinders would have smaller pistons, rods etc., and as the parts are much lighter the engine can operate at higher rotational speed for a gain in power.

Of course it must be remembered, that many improvements have been made in engine design in the past years. Today we often in about four times the power from a given size engine that we did thirty years ago. The bore, of the engine is not the sole determining factor in the amount of power that the engine will produce. Neither is the speed at which the engine operates is the determining factor.

Many things need to be taken into consideration. Piston displacement is a reliable figure for indicating the potential power output of the engine. Piston displacement is the number of cubic inches of space, displaced by the cylinder away from the crankshaft. The cubic inch displacement of an engine can be obtained mathematically from the dimensions.

Задание 5. Закончите следующие предложения.

1. The fundamental parts of the engine are...

2. Cylinder is a cylindrical barrel in which...

3. The upper end of the cylinder consists of a combustion space in which...

4. If the engine is to be used for a stationary power plant the choice might be…

5. As the parts of the engine are lighter, the engine can operate at...

6. Piston displacement is...

Задание 6. Переведите на английский язык, используя текст.

1. Коленчатый вал - одна из основных частей двигателя.

2. Этот двигатель предназначен для стационарной силовой установки.

3. Следует помнить, что было сделано много усовершенствова­ний в конструировании двигателей.

4. Многие факторы следует принимать во внимание.

5. Размер цилиндра зависит от требуемой мощности двигателя.

Задание 7. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.

1. What are the fundamental parts of the engine?

2. What is the cylinder?

3. What is known as the stroke-bore ratio?

4. How many cylinders are usually used for the automobile engine?

5. On what does the power produced by the engine depend?

Задание 8. Посмотрите на схему на с. 204 и скажите, к какому механизму относятся основные части двигателя. Расскажите об этом механизме, используя схему.

При ответе используйте следующие выражения:

as far аs I know...; it is known, that...; it should be noted...; it is worth mentioning...; it is a well - known fact...; the problem is....