Judicial System of the Russian Federation

1. What is The Constitution of the Russian Federation?

2. How was the existing judicial system of the Russian Federation formed and is being developed?

3. What does the judicial system of the Russian Federation consist of?

4. What is the Federal Assembly of Russian Federation?

5. What is the State Duma?

6. What is the Federal Council and what powers does it have?

7. Describe the legislative process in the Russian Federation.

8. What is the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation?

9. What powers and procedures does the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation have?

10. What is the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation?

11. What is the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation?

12. What is included in the Federal Jurisdiction of the Russian Federation?

13. What is included in the Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation?

Образец экзаменационных заданий

Read the text using a dictionary.

GOVERNMENT

Government is the mechanism through which the public will is expressed and made effective. Sometimes the public will is voiced (выражается) by the people directly, through the agency of the initiative and referendum, but more often it is made manifest (проявляется) by action of their elected representatives in parliaments, legislatures and municipal councils.

Constitutions, laws and ordinances are the formal records of the public will as expressed by these legislative bodies.

Presidents, governors, mayors and other executive officials constitute the channels through which this legislation is put into effect (осуществляется), while the courts uphold their hands (поддерживают их) by providing the function of enforcement (правоохранительная деятельность).

Government, accordingly, embraces three broad functions: namely, the making of laws, the administration of laws, and the enforcement of laws.

Administrators are vested with the function of putting the laws into operation. The vast majority of governmental officers are engaged in this work. And when anyone shows a reluctance (нежелание) to obey laws it is the courts and police that provide the machinery of enforcement. Legislative, executive, and judicial, therefore, are the three great branches of government.

Governments are providing a growing number of services, and engaging in operations of great size and complexity. As the functions of government expand, the role of the administrative branch becomes more and more important.

The quality of administration depends on the character of those who hold the jobs (выполняют работу).

However, it should be realized that administrative organizations and governmental policies change frequently.