Assignments. 1. Translate the sentences from the text into Russian in writing paying attention to the underlined words and phrases:

1. Translate the sentences from the text into Russian in writing paying attention to the underlined words and phrases:

1. As long as we keep track of where the program is stored, we are always able to determine the physical address that corresponds to any given logical address.

2. At any point in time in both fixed and dynamic partitions, memory is divided into a set of partitions, some empty and some allocated to programs.

3. Paged memory management puts much more burden on the operating system to keep track of allocated memory and to resolve addresses.

4. Thus, the pages of a process may be scattered around, out of order, and mixed among the pages of other processes.

5. Interrupts may come from either the computer’s hardware or from the running program.

6. Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) has multiple, full-fledged CPUs, each capable of the full range of operations.

7. The processors share the same memory space, which requires that each processor that accesses a given memory location be able to retrieve the same value.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. Name general functions common to almost every operating system.

2. What is memory management used for?

3. Distinguish between a logical address and a physical address.

4. Name three memory management techniques and describe them.

5. Distinguish between a fixed partition and a dynamic partition.

6. What specific states does a process move through as it is managed by an OS?

7. Define process control block (PCB). What information does it store?

8. What is a context switch?

9. There are two types of CPU scheduling. What are they?

10. Distinguish between multitasking, multithreading and multiprocessing.

3. Translate into English:

Ядро - центральная часть операционной системы, управляющая выполнением процессов, ресурсами вычис­лительной системы и предоставляющая процессам коорди­нированный доступ к этим ресурсам. Основными ресур­сами являются процессорное время, память и устройства ввода-вывода. Доступ к файловой системе и сетевое взаи­модействие также могут быть реализованы на уровне ядра.

Как основной элемент операционной системы, ядро представляет собой наиболее низкий уровень абстракции для доступа приложений к ресурсам вычислительной сис­темы, необходимым для их работы. Как правило, ядро пре­доставляет такой доступ исполняемым процессам соответ­ствующих приложений за счет использования механизмов межпроцессного взаимодействия и обращения приложе­ний к системным вызовам ОС.

Give the summary of the text using the key terms.