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Unit 8 Computers
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| I. | Text Л: Text B: | «What is a computer?» «Hardware» | ||
| Text C: | «Types of software» | •*' | ||
| II | Famous people of science and | engineering: | Charles | |
| Babbag | , e. | ' |
Text A: «WHAT IS A COMPUTER?»
The term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical (part electronic and part mechanical) components. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is referred to as hardware. A computer system is a combination of five elements:
• Hardware
• Software
• People
• Procedures
• Data/information
When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth system element. In other words, the manner in which the various individual systems are connected — for example, by phone lines, microwave transmission, or satellite — is an element of the total computer system.
Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without
Unit 8
software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do. People, however, are the most important component of the computer system: they create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a program and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results. The data is raw material while information is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making. Computer is used to convert data into information. Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.
Vocabulary:
| characters['kaenkta'z] — символы data['delta] — данные decision— решение device— устройство hardware— оборудование instruction— команда intelligence[m'telidpns] — разум manner— манера, способ microwave['maikrauweiv] — микроволновая procedures[pra'si^a'] — процедуры, операции purpose['pa: pas] — цель raw[ro: ] — необработанный, сырой to come to life— оживать to connect— соединять to convert— превращать, преобразовывать to create[kri: 'eit] — создавать to evaluatefi'vaeljueit] — оценивать to refer to as— называть что-либо |
characters ['kaenkta'z] — символы
data ['delta] — данные
decision — решение
device — устройство
hardware — оборудование
instruction — команда
intelligence [m'telidpns] — разум
manner — манера, способ
microwave ['maikrauweiv] — микроволновая
procedures [pra'si^a'] — процедуры, операции
purpose ['pa: pas] — цель
raw [ro: ] — необработанный, сырой
to come to life — оживать
to connect — соединять
to convert — превращать, преобразовывать
to create [kri: 'eit] — создавать
to evaluate fi'vaeljueit] — оценивать
to refer to as — называть что-либо