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International Law Enforcement
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The international law is enforced primarily by two courts. The International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court. Also, a special tribunal to deal with violations of humanitarian law in the former Yugoslavia (The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the ICTY) was established in 1993 by the UN Security Council.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) decides in accordance with the international treaties, conventions, customs, general principles of law and other subsidiary means, as mentioned earlier. It settles disputes between UN member states and gives legal advice and opinions to international organs and agencies. It is seated at The Hague in the Netherlands and it is a judicial organ of the UN.[8]
The international Criminal Court (ICC), unlike the ICJ, deals with individuals, who were accused of acts of genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity. It is an independent international organization, not part of the UN. It is governed by the Rome Statute which came into force in 2002, and it was ratified by 121 countries (as of July 2012). It is also seated in The Hague, Netherlands. The Court does not have the jurisdiction to decide on crimes committed before the court was established.[9]
10. Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
T F
| a. The ICJ solves disputes between individuals of the member states. | ||
| b. Both the ICJ and the ICC are seated in Strasbourg. | ||
| c. The ICC deals with individuals who were accused of committing genocide only. | ||
| d. The ICC may decide on crimes committed before the court existed. | ||
| e. The ICTY is an abbreviation for a tribunal dealing with the crimes committed in Rwanda. |
11. Now try to match the following verbs on the left with the nouns on the right to get collocations used in the international law context. Check your answers in the text.
| observe | relationships |
| govern | disputes |
| resolve | the rules |
| abide by | the rules |
| ratify | human rights |
| violate | a treaty |
12. Now fill in these sentences with suitable verbs. Make sure you use the correct form of the verb. After you finish, compare your answers with your neighbour.
a. Before a treaty comes into force it must be _________________ by all the contracting parties.
b. International law is a tool to __________________ conflicts between states and/or international institution.
c. If any UN member state _______________ the human rights the Security Council has the right to impose sanctions on such a state.
d. All UN member states must _________________ the rules, which they have agreed on.
e. Public international law __________________ the relationships between states and international institutions and organizations.
13. Word building: Fill in the chart with the other parts of speech:
| verb | noun | adjective |
| seeker | ||
| protect | ||
| criminal | ||
| integrate | ||
| threaten | ||
| custom | ||
| violation |