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Exercise 2. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the gerund after prepositions in, on, without.
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1) On pressing the button you will get the information desired. 2) Without waiting for an answer he went away. 3) On being set on a proper orbit completely free from the Earth’s gravitation a satellite keeps on moving forward through space. 4) By repeating experiments one gets more data which allows us to arrive at the right conclusions. 5) On being heated to a sufficient temperature any body becomes a source of light. 6) In using this method you can overcome some difficulties quite easily. 7) Without proper understanding the major laws of mechanics it is difficult for them to take part in research. 8) On arriving in Germany Kovalevskaya began to read privately and succeeded not only in covering the University course but also in getting her PhD.
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences using by + gerund. Use one of the following verbs: drive too fast; borrow too much money; break a window; put some posters up on the walls; stand on a chair; turn a key; not eat property; read more.
1) She made herself ill ……
2) The burglars got into the house ……
3) You can improve your English ……
4) I was able to reach the top shelf……
5) You start the engine of a car ……
6) Kevin got himself into financial difficulty ……
7) You can put people’s lives in danger ……
8) We made the room look nicer ……
Exercise 4. Make sentences with worth + ing or not worth + ing. Choose one of these verbs: consider; keep; read; repair; see; visit; go to bed; take a taxi
1) It was so late when we got home, it was __
2) I live only a short walk from here, so it’s __
3) The film isn’t very good. It is __
4) It would cost too much to repair this watch. It is __
5) If you have time, you should go to the museum, it is __
6) It’s quite an interesting article in the paper today. It is __
7) It’s an interesting suggestion. It is __
8) We can throw these old clothes away. Theyare __
Exercise 5. Make up sentences of your own, using the following word combinations-as adverbial modifiers.
1) without knowing it;
2) after publishing the article;
3) by promising that he would keep it secret;
4) on hearing the news,
5) in making such experiments;
6) before coming to any conclusion;
7) without being invited,
8) in spite of being busy
Exercise 6. Complete the sentences using gerund of the following verbs: use, pay, pass, interrupt, play, solve, be made, be supplied. Pay attention to the prepositions.
1) Many useless experiments were prevented from … by an adequate theory.
2) It took us a long time but we succeeded in … this problem.
3) The idea of … this technique is new and somewhat unexpected.
4) Forgive me for… you but may I ask you something?
5) I’m sorry we’ve had to cancel our game of tennis tomorrow. I was really looking forward to ….
6) They insisted on … for the meal.
7) I congratulated Ann on … the exam.
8) Our success depends on … with the necessary equipment.