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II. Reading of consonants






Letters Position Pronunciation Examples Exceptions
c Before e, i, y [ s ] Cell, decide  
Before o, a, u, consonants and at the end of a word [ k ] Cap, come, direct  
g Before e, i, y [ dʒ ] Page, gin, gypsy Get [ get ], give [ giv ], girl [ g3: l ]
Before o, a, u, consonants and at the end of a word [ g ]   Game, big, green
In some French words [ ʒ ] Beige  
s Between vowels, after and before voiced consonant sounds and vowels [ z ] Please, ties, pens  
In all other cases [ s ] Sit, student, lists  
x Before consonant sounds and at the end of a word [ ks ] Text, six  
Before stressed vowels [ gz ] Exam, exact  
At the beginning of a word [ z ] xerox  

Exercise 28. Write down the phonetic symbol and practice reading the words.

[ ] city, ice, pencil, peace, piece, scene, certainly, century, celebrate, circle, cycle;

c

[ ] cup, code, cool, crack, cute, concert, complete, carrot, copy, case, Coca-Cola;

[ ] stern, sip, site, sorry, seem, steamer, absorb, soap, soup, standard, mistake, maps;

s

[ ] cans, toys, bags, words, flies, eyes, please, season, disaster, misery, invisible;

[ ] cage, gym, ginger, giant, gentleman, magic, giraffe, imagine, geography, sponge;

g [ ] glad, goal, guilt, dig, girl, gate, glory, pregnant, ignore, greedy, group, fag, gamer;

[ ] beige, garage, massage;

[ ] fax, six, sex, exercise, mixer, fix, fox, text, pretext, explain, reflex, reflexive;

x [ ] exotic, example, exemplar, exalt, exact, exactly, exist, existing, exam;

[ ] xerox, xylophone, xylograph.

 

Exercise 29. Read and transcribe the words. Do not forget to put the stress mark if a word has two or more syllables.

Cell, start, scar, bridge, give, exist, big, ask, must, reason, imagine, next, practice, Greek, xerox, bees, list, exemplar, gown, civil, easy, same, cutting, exam, busy, beige, ox, certain, coast, age, garden, visit, says, xylose, style, icy, exactly, fox, send, explosion.

 

Exercise 30. Read the text. Find all the words with letters c, s, g, x. Explain their pronunciation.


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