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The perfect tenses
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The indefinite (simple) tenses
1. обычное, регулярное, повторяющееся действие (в настоящем, прошлом или будущем)
2. факт
| Present | Past | Future | |
| Affirmative (+) | I/He + V1/VS I go to school. He go es to school. | I/He + Ved/V2 I went to school. He went to school. | I/He + shall/will + V1 I shall go to school. He will go to school. |
| Negative (-) | I/He +do/does not + V1 I do not go to school. He do es not go to school. | I/He + did not + V1 I did not go to school. He did not go to school. | I/He + shall/will not+ V1 (shan’t/ won’t) I shall not go to school. He will not go to school. |
| Interrogative (?) | Do/Does + I/he +V1 Do I go to school? Do es he go to school? | Did + I/he + V1 Did I go to school? Did he go to school? | Shall/Will + I/he + V1 Shall I go to school? Will he go to school? |
| Time expressions | Every (day, week, month, year) Sometimes Usually Often Always From time to time Seldom | Last (day, week, month, year) … (a week, three days) ago Yesterday In (1957) When … | Next (day, week, month, year) In (a day, 2 weeks, 7 months) Tomorrow The day after tomorrow In the future Soon Tonight |
The continuous (progressive) tenses
to be + Ving
1. длительное действие, процесс, протекающий в определенный момент или период времени (длительное)
| Present | Past | Future | |
| Affirmative (+) | I/They +am/is/are + Ving I am doing the exercise. They are doing the exercise. | I/They +was/were + Ving I was doing the exercise. They were doing the exercise. | I/They +shall/will be + Ving I shall be doing the exercise. They will be doing the exercise. |
| Negative (-) | I/They + am/is/are not + Ving I am not doing the exercise. They are not doing the exercise.. | I/They + was/were not + Ving I was not doing the exercise. They were not doing the exercise. | I/They + shall/will not be + Ving I shall not be doing the exercise. They will not be doing the exercise. |
| Interrogative (?) | Am/is/are + I/they + Ving Am I doing the exercise? Are they doing the exercise? | Was/were + I/they + Ving Was I doing the exercise? Were they doing the exercise? | Shall/Will + I/they + be + Ving Shall I be doing the exercise? Will they be doing the exercise? |
| Time expressions | Now At present At the moment Listen! Look! I hear … I see … | At … o’clock yesterday From … till … o’clock yesterday The whole evening All day long During … While … When I came … | At … o’clock tomorrow From … till … o’clock tomorrow When I come … |
The perfect tenses
to have + Ved/V3
1. действие, завершенное к определенному моменту; действие, имеющее определенный результат (завершенное)
| Present | Past | Future | |
| Affirmative (+) | I/He + have/has +Ved/V3 I have done the task. He has done the task. | I/He + had +Ved/V3 I had done the task. He had done the task. | I/He + shall/will have +Ved/V3 I shall have done the task. He will have done the task l. |
| Negative (-) | I/He + have/has not +Ved/V3 I have not done the task. He has not done the task. | I/He + had not +Ved/V3 I had not done the task. He had not done the task. | I/He + shall/will have not +Ved/V3 I shall not have done the task. He will not have done the task. |
| Interrogative (?) | Have/Has + I/he +Ved/V3 Have I done the task? Has he done the task? | Had + I/he +Ved/V3 Had I done the task? Had he done the task? | Shall/Will + I/he +Ved/V3 Shall I have done the task? Will he have done the task? |
| Time expressions | This … (week, month, year) Just Already Yet Recently / lately By now Ever/ never For / since | By the end of last (week, year) By last (Monday) By … o’clock yesterday When he came … Before he left … | By the end of next (week, year) By next (Monday) By … o’clock tomorrow When he comes … Before he leaves … |