GRAMMAR. Modal Verbs (Obligation)

Modal Verbs (Obligation)

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Parti

Translate the following into English.

1. Он должен бросить курить, хотя я понимаю, что это нелегко.

2. Он вынужден вставать рано, потому что живет очень далеко.

3. «Мне обязательно надо выяснить это сегодня?» - «Боюсь, что да.
Это очень важно».

4. «Мне обязательно пойти их провожать?» - «Нет, не обязательно.
Они могут заказать такси».

5. «Вам приходится ездить на работу в час пик?» - «Нет. Я могу при­
езжать попозже. Мой начальник не возражает, если я приезжаю
к 11».

6. Кто в вашей семье должен ходить за покупками?

7. Тебе пришлось много работать в этом месяце, не так ли?

8. Его самолет опоздал на два часа, и мне пришлось ждать в аэро­
порту.

9. Я не смогу встретиться с вами в выходные, мне придется гото­
виться к экзамену.

10. Ему придется поехать в командировку на следующей неделе.

11. Я не люблю откладывать дела на «потом», но иногда приходится.

12. Мы обязательно должны поблагодарить их за гостеприимство.

5. Translate the following into English.

1. Детям нельзя так долго играть в компьютерные игры!

2. Тебе не обязательно приходить еще раз. Можно просто позвонить.

3. Ему нельзя сегодня выходить из дома. Он все еще болен.

4. Ты не должен говорить об этом никому!

5. Ему не обязательно ходить в костюме на работу, но обычно он
приходит в костюме и галстуке.

Unit four

6. Я обещала прийти вовремя. Мне нельзя опаздывать!

7. Я завтра не работаю, поэтому мне нет необходимости вставать
рано.

8. Мне надо не забыть позвонить ему завтра. У него день рождения.

Degrees of Certainty (Present and Future)

I/you/he...

must / должно быть

may (not), might (not) / возможно (не)

can't / не может быть

be (tired, hungry) be (doing, joking) do, go, know

6. Rewrite the second sentence in each pair using the word in bold.

Examples: Probably he's ill and that's why he isn't at the lesson now. must: He must be ill and that's why isn't at the lesson now.

Perhaps he's ill but I don't really know.

may (might): He may (might) be ill but I don't really know.

I can't believe he's ill - I spoke to him on the phone this morning and he sounded OK.

can't: He can't be ill - I spoke to him on the phone this morning and he sounded OK.

1. Don't worry! Perhaps they'll still come.

might: They...

2. Probably you're joking.

must: You...

3. Maybe, you don't remember me, but I remember you very well.

may not: You...

4. I'm sure you're very proud of your daughter - I hear she was admitted
to university.

must: You...

5.1 can't believe you really mean that! can't: You...

6. Can I speak to Ann? - Probably you have the wrong number. There is no
one here by that name.

must: You...

7. Maybe, he knows the answer.

may: He...

8.1 don't believe it's true. can't: It...

Parti

9. How old is their son now? - I don't know exactly. Perhaps he is 10.

might: He...

10. Where is Tom? - He always plays tennis at this time. Probably he is play­ing it now. must: He...

⁷ ■ Complete the text choosing the words from the box.

after, more, from, of, in, as, to, than, on, which

Elvis Presley*

Elvis Presley was born... January 8th, 1935... Tupelo, Mississippi. His first musical experience was singing gospel songs in church. He was the first white singer to sing 'black' songs, with their origins and rhythm... gospel** music and blues.

His career consists... three clear parts.... the 1950s, he was a wild performer, producing a combination... rhythm and blues and rock and roll,... delighted American teenagers and shocked their parents.... 1958, Presley was called up for military service. He spent two years... Germany and was 'the perfect soldier'. American parents decided that perhaps he wasn't so dangerous... all!

... the 1960s, he rarely appeared... public, but made about 25 almost identical films, each one worse... the one before.... 1968 until his death in 1977, he returned... public performing, but more and more... a cabaret singer to older audience.

Elvis died... August 16th, 1977. He had recorded more than 400 songs, and sold (before his death)... than two hundred million records.

8. Match a line in A with a line in B.

A

Elvis Presley

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

Amerigo Vespucci

Thomas Edison

Alexander Bell

Albert Einstein

Captain James Cook

В

was the first to discover Australia.

was the first to describe America as a continent.

was the first white singer to sing 'black' songs.

was the first to create the theory of relativity.

was the first to invent the light bulb.

was the first to invent the telephone.

was the first to produce an accurate

thermometer.

* https://www.wikipedia.org/

** Gospel - Евангелие.

Gospel music - церковное пение.

Unit four

9. You're planning to go to England for your holiday. You have a friend living in London. You've already been to London and now you'd like to experi­ence something new. You've heard that there are a lot of places connected with The Beatles' lives in Liverpool and you've found the following infor­mation on the Internet.

Write an e-mail to your friend suggesting you go there together, telling him what places you'd like to visit and asking him what he thinks about it.

IMAGINE EXPERIENCING THE MOST SENSATIONAL STORY THE POP WORLD HAS EVER KNOWN -IN THE CITY WHERE IT ALL BEGAN!

Liverpool has always been at the forefront of pop. The city's artists and bands have earned it a place in the Guinness Book of Records, with more number one hit singles than any other city in the UK. Many of these chart-toppers were written by Lennon & Mc­Cartney, the world's most successful songwriting duo ever.

Whether you're fanatical about The Beatles or just fanatical about music, you'll be absorbed in a unique story of music, fame and fortune in Beatles Liver-

pool. You can experience Strawberry Field and Lennon and McCartney's child­hood homes, take a stroll along Mathew Street and Penny Lane, learn about the Merseybeat era and even enjoy a drink in the lad's favourite pubs and clubs. As you discover what made the band so special you can look forward to some poignant and evocative moments in the legendary city where they grew up.

Make sure you find the heart and soul of Beatles Liverpool with these essential ingredients:

Beatles Story - award-winning exhibition where the complete story unfolds from its Liverpool beginnings to the worldwide phenomenon of Beatlemania and beyond.

Beatles Magical Mystery Tour - two-hour tour of places associated with the Fab Four, including their homes, schools and places that inspired so many memorable songs.

Cavern Club - the famous basement club where The Beatles first tasted suc­cess in the early 1960's that's still buzzing with great music today.

Read the following dialogue.

A. Hi, Sonya! What's happened? You've never looked so beautiful, so radiant (сияющая) I should say! What's the matter? Has a prince asked you to marry him?

S. Is what you're saying true? I mean about my face, not about the prince.

A. It's the truth, the truth and only the truth. I can swear it on the Bible.

Part 2

S. Well, I've just seen and heard a real little genius - a 10-year old Japanese girl, playing a concerto by Mozart.

A. Did you go to the conservatory?

S. No, I just turned on TV in good time to watch the concert. It was some­thing unbelievable! I don't mean the conductor, he's been world-famous for years, I mean the girl. It was something just fantastic, as if all that little Amadeus felt centuries ago and in quite a different place and on quite dif­ferent occasions has penetrated into that little girl! I wish you could see that childish face, those beautiful eyes - they poured emotion, understanding, appreciation - my vocabulary is really too poor to describe it all! And the hands! Beautiful strong hands of a born virtuoso and feminine hands at that!

A. Do you remember her name?

S. Yes, I do. Her name's Akimi Kobajashi. I'm sure it isn't the last time we hear of that little miracle. We can't miss the next chance of hearing her playing.

A. Quite right! I couldn't agree more!

1 1. Make up a story on the basis of this conversation. Do you think the peo­ple who are talking are musicians, or just music lovers? Have you ever heard of Akimi Kobajashi? What do you think of her? What do you think of infant prodigies (вундеркинды)? Do they always become outstanding musicians?

PART 2

Read the text and make sure that you understand it. The list of new words on p. 99 will help you.