II. Give a short summary of the text in English in written or oral form.

Test yourself:

I. Choose the right variant:

1. British scientists invented a … way of multiplying and dividing.

a) mechanical; b) electrical; c) optical

2. A new branch of mathematics, …, was invented in England and Germany independently.

a) mechanics; b) arithmetics; c) calculus

3. A young American clerk invented a means of coding … by punched cards.

a) letters; b) data; c) numbers

4. Soon punched cards were replaced by … terminals.

a) printer; b) scanner; c) keyboard

5. Mark I was the first … computer that could solve mathematical problems.

a) analog; b) digital; c) mechanical

6. J. von Neumann simplified his computer by storing information in a … code.

a) analytical; b) numerical; c) binary

7. Vacuum tubes could control and … electric signals.

a) calculate; b) amplify; c) generate

8. The first generation computers were … and often burned out.

a) uncomfortable; b) uncommunicative; c) unreliable

9. Computers of the second generation used … which reduced computational time greatly.

a) transistors; b) integrated circuits; c) vacuum tubes

10. Due to the development of … the fourth generation computers became possible.

a) microelectronics; b) miniaturization; c) microminiaturization

II. Put the proper words into sentences.

Analytical; digital; unreliable; sophisticated; solve; core; processor; computations, an integral circuit

1. The Difference engine could … equations and led to another calculating machine, the … Engine, which embodied the key parts of a computer system: an input device, a …, a control unit, a storage place, and an output device.

2. Ada Lovelace helped to develop instructions for carrying out … on Babbage machine.

3. J. Atanasoff devised the first … computer to work by electronic means.

4. First-generation computers were…, the main form of memory being magnetic…

5. In the third generation software became more…

6. What was the name of the first … computer to work electronically?

7. When electricity passed through the…, it could be magnetized as either “off” or “on”.

8. A … is a complete electronic circuit on a small chip of silicon.

III. Make a timeline map: