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29. Russian law enforcement, criminal code. Ways of punishment, life imprisonment-suitable for murder?
The Judicial system in Russia is administered by The Ministry of Justice. Justice in the Russian Federation is administered by courts alone and exercised by means of constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal proceedings. The judicial system consists of three types of courts: 1) constitutional courts; 2) courts of general jurisdiction (including military courts); and 3) specialized state commercial courts or arbitration courts (named " arbitrazh"). The constitutional courts include the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and constitutional courts of the Subjects of the Russian Federation. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is a court of limited subject matter jurisdiction. The 1993 constitution empowers the Constitutional Court to arbitrate disputes between the executive and legislative branches and between Moscow and the regional and local governments. The court also is authorized to rule on violations of constitutional rights, to examine appeals from various bodies, and to participate in impeachment proceedings against the president. There is a four-tiered hierarchical system of courts of general jurisdiction acting through the whole territory of Russia with the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as the supreme judicial body of this branch. It includes the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, regional level courts, district level courts and justices of the peace. Courts of general jurisdiction hear: 1) civil cases with participation of individuals, 2) criminal cases, and 3) disputes between