Тематический материал

Вариант №1

Выполняется студентами, фамилии которых начинаются с букв А – Л.

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

MIXED ECONOMY

There are three types of management in economies. Economy may be almost totally planned, as it was in the Soviet Union. Economy may be almost totally unplanned, as it is in the USA. Or economy may be a combination of planning and freedom of operation. Examples of the latter are Japan and South Korea.

In a planned economy the government decides what goods are to be produced and how they are to be marketed. Governments set all the priorities, and the producers are to follow the directions given to them.

In a partially planned economy such as Japanese, the government often encourages industry and helps it with subsidies. The government also makes investments and regulates trade.

The United States is an example of an unplanned economy. But it has a lot of government intervention in economic activity. As the economy of the United States grew, and as the government and its importance increased, the government policy at every level acquired greater importance for the economy.

But the economy of the United States may be called unplanned because the government does not regulate what will be produced and how it will be marketed. These decisions are left to the producers. Even the great amount of government regulation that has emerged since the Great Depression has not turned the economy of the United States into a planned economy.

The name of the American economic system is capitalism. Another name for it is the free market economy.

II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.

1. Who makes all the decisions about production and consumption in a planned economy?

a) the government b) producers c) managers

2. Which type does the economy of Japan belong to?

a) planned economy

b) unplanned economy

c) partially planned economy

3. How are the resources allocated in the United States of America?

a) entirely through the markets

b) by central planning

c) with a large dose of government intervention

III. Закончите предложения no содержанию прочитанного текста.

4. Economy may be a combination of planning and freedom of operation_________.

a) as it used to be in the Soviet Union

b) as it is in Japan and South Korea

c) as it is in the United States

5. The government of the USA­­_________.

a) encourages industry and helps it with subsidies

b) decides what goods are to be produced

c) does not regulate what will be produced

6. The producers of a country with a planned economy _______.

a) follow the directions of the government

b) promote goods without any government restrictions

c) decide how the goods are to be marketed

7. A free market economy________.

a) relies entirely on command

b) has no government intervention

c) is a system of centralized planning

8. Government regulations and restrictions__________.

a) are the same in every country

b) are of no importance in any country

c) differ greatly from country to country

IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.

9. способы управления

a) managerial skills b) types of management c) management duties

10. субсидия

a) subsidy b) subsidiary c) subsidize

11. продавать на рынке

a) marketing b) market c) marketer

12. экономика

a) economic b) economist c) economy

13. вкладывать, инвестировать

a) make investments b) do investments c) put investments

14. управление торговлей

a) trade regulation b) regular trade c) regulate trade

15. принимать решение

a) decision

b) make a decision

c) be decisive about something

V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

16. Governments set all the priorities and the producers are to follow the directions given to them.

a) Правительства устанавливают приоритет, а производители следуют в заданном им направлении.

b) Правительства устанавливают порядок очередности выпол­нения задач, а производители обязаны выполнять данные им указания.

c) Правительства устанавливают срочность выполнения задач и выдают последующие инструкции для производителей.

17. As the economy of the United States grew, and as the government and its importance increased, the government policy at every level acquired greater importance for the economy.

a) Экономический рост США и увеличение государственного аппарата в значительной степени определили пути экономичес­кого развития страны.

b) Экономический рост Соединенных Штатов придал боль­шую значимость государственной политике на каждом уровне экономического развития.

c) По мере развития экономики Соединенных Штатов и воз­растания роли правительства, государственная политика при­обрела большую значимость для каждого уровня экономической системы.

18. Even the great amount of government regulation that has emerged since the Great Depression has not turned the economy of the United States into a planned economy.

a) Даже значительная доля правительственного регулирова­ния со времен " Великой Депрессии" не заставила США свернуть с выбранного пути развития.

b) Даже значительное участие правительства в процессе эко­номического регулирования со времен " Великой Депрессии" не привело экономику Соединенных Штатов к централизованному планированию.

c) Значительное правительственное вмешательство со времен " Великой Депрессии" превратило экономику США в плановую.

VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

19. In a planned economy the government decides what goods are to be produced and how they are to be marketed.

a) In a mixed economy the government and market are both of importance.

b) In a planned economy the government allows great individual economic freedom.

c) In a command economy the government regulates production and consumption of goods.

20. An economy may be a combination of planning and freedom of operation.

a) An economy may be a system without any government intervention.

b) Some economic systems may be a sample of the mixed economy, where some industries are owned by the state and others by individuals, who are free to run business.

c) In a mixed economy the government has the power to choose the ways of production and consumption.

21. The decisions are left to the producer in an unplanned economy.

a) If the economy is unplanned, it is the owner but not the government who has the right to decide what will be produced and how it will be distributed.

b) In an unplanned economy the government has the right to regulate production.

c) In an unplanned economy both the government and the manufacturer control production and levels of consumption.

VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола.

22. Inflation­­_______ by the rise in prices within a certain period of time.

a) characterizes b) characterized c) is characterized

23. The number of countries with market economy since the Soviet Union collapsed.

a) increase b) increased c) has increased

24. The government often__ ____industry and helps it with subsidies.

a) encourage b) encourages c) is encouraged

25. Some economists suppose the world population_____12-13billion by 2020.

a) will reach b) will have reached c) will have been reached

26. The famous English economist Alfred Marshall_______ his " Principles of Economics " in 1890.

a) wrote b) will write c) has written

VIII. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами.

27. Sometimes the government______ to impose trade barriers to protect domestic producers.

a) must b) should c) has

28. Students studying economics_______expect higher earnings than those of students studying philosophy.

a) can b) are able c) are allowed

29. In a free market economy the individuals______to produce goods and services without any government restrictions.

a) must b) are allowed c) may

30. The enterprise______to make high profits if it is managed well.

a) is able b) is allowed c) might

31. The government_____not ignore the high unemployment rate.

a) is b) has c) must

IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме.

32. The euro rate was______than the US dollar rate in 2002.

a) more high b) higher c) the highest

33. There is much______government regulation in present-day Russia than in the former Soviet Union. f

a) less b) little c) the least

34. In this supermarket you can find goods of_____quality.

a) more good b) the most good c) the best

X. Переведите текст (письменно).

Economics is a scientific study of the system by which the country's wealth is made and used. There are various forms of government restrictions and regulations in economies.

Planned or command economy is a system, where the government makes all decisions on what, how and for whom to produce.

Economy in which there is no government intervention is called free market economy. Production and consumption are coordinated through prices.

Mixed economy lies between these two main types where the market and the government are both of importance. Modern economies in the West are mixed and rely mainly on the market, but the general tendency is to keep the government regulation at quite a high level.

The optimal level of the government control remains a problem which is of interest for most economists.

Вариант №2

Выполняется студентами, фамилии которых начинаются с букв М – Я.

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

FISCAL POLICY

Fiscal policy is an instrument of demand management, which is used to influence the level of economic activity in an economy through the control of taxation and government expenditure.

The government can use a number of taxation measures to control aggregate demand or spending: direct taxes on individuals (income tax) and companies (corporation tax) can be increased if spending has to be reduced, for example, to control inflation. Spending can also be reduced by increasing indirect taxes: an increase in the VAT (value added tax) on all products or excise duties on particular products such as petrol and cigarettes will result in lower purchasing power.

The government can change its own expenditure to affect spending levels as well: a cut in purchases of products or capital investment by the government can reduce total spending in the economy.

If the government is to increase spending, it creates a budget deficit, reducing taxation and increasing its expenditure.

A decrease in government spending and an increase in taxes (a withdrawal from the circular flow of national income) reduces aggregate demand to avoid inflation. By contrast, an increase in government spending and / or decrease in taxes - an injection into the circular flow of national income stimulates aggregate demand and creates additional jobs to avoid unemployment.

In practice, however, the effectiveness of fiscal policy can be reduced by a number of problems. Taxation rate changes, particularly changes in income tax, take time to make; considerable proportions of government expenditure on, for example, schools, roads, hospitals and defence cannot easily be changed without lengthy political lobbying.

II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.

1. What is the effect of reduced aggregate demand in an economy?

a) decreasing inflation

b) increasing inflation

c) avoiding inflation

2. How can aggregate demand be reduced?

a) by an increase in taxes

b) by a decrease in government spending

c) by both a decrease in government spending and an increase in taxes

3. How does higher aggregate demand affect government spending?

a) there is an increase in taxes

b) there is a decrease in taxes and an increase in government spending

c) there is a decrease in government spending

III. Закончите предложения no содержанию прочитанного текста.

4. The government can impose a number of taxation measures_________.

a) to increase aggregate demand

b) to decrease aggregate demand or spending

c) to create a budget deficit

5. Spending can also be cut___________.

a) by raising indirect taxes

b) by decreasing indirect taxes

c) without changing indirect taxes

6. An increase in the value added tax on products will result in___________.

a) unchanged purchasing power

b) higher purchasing power

c) lower purchasing power

7. An injection into the circular flow of national income brings about additional jobs ____________.

a) to increase unemployment

b) to prevent unemployment

c) to reduce unemployment

8. Large proportion of government expenditure on defence cannot easily be altered without__________.

a) voting

b) referendum

c) political lobbying

IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.

9. налогообложение
a) tax b) taxation c) tax rate

10. совокупный спрос

a) aggregate demand b) consumer demand c) primary demand

11. акцизные сборы

a) customs duties b) excise duties c) registration duties

12. покупательная способность

a) earning power b) water power c) purchasing power

13. приводить к чему-либо

a) result in something b) follow something c) avoid something

14. уменьшать налоги

a) decrease taxes b) impose taxes c) subtract taxes

15. увеличивать расходы

a) cut spending b) increase spending c) multiply spending

V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

16. The government can change its own expenditures to affect spending levels as well: a cut in purchases of products or capital investment by the government can reduce total spending in economy.

a) Правительство может увеличить свои собственные расхо­ды, влияя таким образом на потребительский уровень.

b) Правительство может также изменить расходы, чтобы по­влиять на уровень потребления, так как уменьшение объема закупок или правительственных инвестиций может привести к сокращению всеобщего потребления в народном хозяйстве.

c) Сокращение закупок продуктов и капитального инвестиро­вания заставляет государство изменять расходы, которые, в свою очередь, изменяли бы потребительский уровень.

17. By contrast, an increase in government spending and/or decrease in taxes-an injection into the circular flow of national income stimulates aggregate demand and creates additional jobs to avoid unemployment.

a) По контрасту, рост правительственных трат и уменьшение налогов (инъекция в циркуляцию национального дохода) являет­ся стимулом для создания дополнительных вакансий.

b) И, наоборот, увеличение правительственных расходов и уменьшение налогов (инжекции в кругооборот национального дохода) стимулирует агрегатные потребности и создает дополни­тельные специальности, чтобы избежать безработицы.

c) Напротив, увеличение правительственных расходов и/или снижение налогов (денежное вливание в оборот национального дохода) стимулирует совокупный спрос и создает дополнитель­ные рабочие места, что, в свою очередь, позволяет избежать безработицы.

18. Fiscal policy is an instrument of demand management, which is used to influence the level of economic activity in an economy through the control of taxation and government expenditure.

a) Фискальная политика является инструментом управления спросом, используемым для оказания влияния на уровень эконо­мической активности, посредством контроля за системой налого­обложения и правительственными расходами.

b) Фискальная политика является средством политического лоббирования в экономике, используемым для влияния на уро­вень экономической деятельности правительственных ведомств.

c) Фискальная полиция является инструментом управления спросом, средством контроля в системе налогообложения корпо­ративного бизнеса.

VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

19. An increase in the VAT on all products or excise duties on particular products such as petrol or cigarettes will result in lower purchasing power.

a) If the value-added tax on all goods or duties on certain products such as petrol and cigarettes rise, it will lead to the fall of spending power.

b) An increase in the value added tax on most goods or excise duties on some goods such as petrol and cigarettes is the result of lower purchasing power.

c) A drop in taxes on definite products (e.g. petrol and cigarettes) will lead to lower purchasing power.

20. The government can change its own expenditure to affect spending levels as well.

a) The government is allowed to spend a lot of money.

b) The government must fix its expenses to influence purchasing power.

c) The government is able to review its own expenses to alter the level of consumption.

21. A cut in purchases of products or capital investment by the government can reduce total spending in economy.

a) A decrease in quality of products and capital investment can make the government review total spending in economy.

b) Either a decrease in purchases of products or capital investment by the government might result in lower purchasing power in economy.

c) Only a drop in goods purchased by the government can dramatically change total spending in economy.

VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола.

22. Fiscal policy________ to influence the level of economic activity.

a) uses b) used c) is used

23. Spending can_______by increasing taxes.

a) to reduce b) be reduced c) to be reduced

24. Nowadays taxation rate changes (e.g. income tax changes)____ time to make.

a) are taking b) take c) are taken

25. An increase in government spending_______ aggregate demand.

a) is stimulated b) stimulates c) has been stimulated

26. The government______considerably_______ its expenditure over last two years.

a) is changed b) to be changed c) has changed

VIII. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами.

27. The government_________use a number of taxation measures to subsidize the social sector.

a) can b) has c) ought

28. If the government__________to increase spending, it creates a budget deficit.

a) should b) must c) is

29. The rise in the VAT on all goods or excise duties on particular products_______to lead to lower purchasing power.

a) might b) is able c) should

30. A fall in government spending________reduce aggregate demand.

a) must b) ought c) is able

31. A dramatic increase in government spending________to stimulate aggregate demand.

a) could b) has c) must

IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме.

32. An increase in the VAT will lead to_______spending power.

a) low b) lower c) the lowest

33. An improvement in government spending creates_______jobs.

a) additional b) more additional c) the most additional

34. A significant proportion of government expenditure has been reviewed after the_______crisis in the country's history.

a) worse b) worst c) baddest

X. Переведите текст (письменно).

The central purpose of the tax system in any country is to distribute the cost of financing government activities as fairly as possible among the population. However, fair distribution of taxes is considered to be one that imposes taxes on people in accordance with their ability to pay, as measured by social acceptable index of economic capacity. The personal income tax is the only significant component of the tax system which has at least the potential of being completely " fair", in the sense that taxes paid by different individuals can be explicitly related to their society determined ability to contribute to the financing of government activity. Only the personal income tax takes explicitly into account those personal characteristics of the taxpayer which are considered the most relevant to his ability to pay.

The essential role of the personal income tax system is thus to treat different people equitably, as equity is defined in the society in question. The ideal is to tax those with the same capacity to pay at the same rate, while levying heavier taxes on those with greater capacity than on those with less capacity.

5. Требования к оформлению

и срокам выполнения контрольных работ

Контрольная работа должна иметь титульный лист (см. Приложение 2), нумерацию страниц, список использованной литературы, в конце работы – дату ее выполнения и личную подпись студента.

Контрольная работа должна быть либо напечатана, либо написана четким, понятным почерком, без исправлений. На страницах работы следует оставить поля (3 см) для пометок и замечаний проверяющего преподавателя.

Контрольная работа должна быть выполнена и сдана для проверки на кафедру иностранного языка не позднее, чем за 15 дней до официальной даты зачета (экзамена).

Качество работы оценивается по тому, насколько глубоко и адекватно выполнен студентом перевод текста (в оценку входит также стилистическое и грамматическое оформление переводного текста), правильность выполнения упражнений. На каждую контрольную работу преподаватель кафедры предоставляет краткую письменную рецензию, в которой указываются достоинства и недостатки выполненной студентом работы. Дается общая оценка «зачтено» или «не зачтено». Если работа не зачтена, в нее необходимо внести соответствующие исправления с учетом сделанных замечаний. Повторная проверка работы осуществляется, как правило, тем же преподавателем, который рецензировал ее в первый раз. Студенты, не выполнившие контрольную работу или не получившие зачета по ней, к зачетам и экзаменам не допускаются.

Количественная оценка заданий контрольной работы производится по балльно-рейтинговой системе в соответствии со специально разработанной единой шкалой, в которую заложены критерии оценки. При оценке каждого задания подсчитывается сумма баллов (согласно разработанным критериям), Преподаватель применяет следующий алгоритм оценки контрольной работы:

6. Список литературы.

1. Cotton D. Market leader. New edition. Intermediate Business English: Course book / Cotton D., Falvey D., Kent S. – Edinburgh Gate: London, 2008– 176 p.

2. Raitskaya L., Cochrane S. Macmillan Guide to Economics. Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2007.–134 p.

3. Савицкая Т.П. Economics is my Profession. Экономика – моя профессия.Учеб.пособие для вузов –М.: Астрель: АСТ, 2006 –288 с.

4. Шагиева Н.М. Иностранный язык (английский). Практическая грамматика английского языка. – СПб.: СПбГИЭУ, 2012– 141 с.

5. Шагиева Н.М. Иностранный язык (английский) How to Succeed in Life and Business. (Home reading). Второе издание Ч.I. – СПб.: СПбГИЭУ, 2012– 96 с.

6. Глушенкова Е.В., Комарова Е.Н. Английский язык для студентов экономических специальностей – М.: ООО «Издательство АСТ»: ООО «Издательство Астрель», 2002

7. Салкова О.В., Франчук Л.Н. Английский язык. Методические указания для студентов всех экономических специальностей заочного отделения. – Новосибирск: Изд-во НГТУ, 2009

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1

Содержание дисциплины

(извлечение из рабочей программы дисциплины)

4.1. Содержание языкового (лингвистического) материала

Раздел 1. Коррективный фонетико-орфографический курс

Тема 1. Особенности звуковой системы изучаемого языка.

Тема 2. Алфавит. Написание и чтение букв и буквосочетаний.

Тема 3. Ударение в слове и предложении. Интонация.

Тема 4. Орфографические знаки.

Раздел 2. Морфология

Тематический материал

РАЗДЕЛ 1. (модуль 1)